What are the types of mutations
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The different types of mutations i.e. permanent alternation in the nucleotide sequence of any genome are :-
1. Substitution : Exchange of one nirogenous base with another.
2. Insertion : Addition of an extra base pair in a new place in the DNA
3. Deletion : Removal of a particular sequence of base pair from the DNA sequence
4. Frameshift : Insertions and deletions are done in a way that a gene which get altered does not make a sensible sequence.
1. Substitution : Exchange of one nirogenous base with another.
2. Insertion : Addition of an extra base pair in a new place in the DNA
3. Deletion : Removal of a particular sequence of base pair from the DNA sequence
4. Frameshift : Insertions and deletions are done in a way that a gene which get altered does not make a sensible sequence.
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(1) Chromosomal mutations: Loss (deletion) or gain (insertion/duplication) of a segment of DNA results in alteration in the chromosome.
2) Point mutaions : They involve change in a single base pair of DNA. E.g. Mutation that results in Sickle-cell anaemia.
(3) Deletion or insertion of base pairs of DNA : it causes frame-shift mutations or deletion mutation.
(4) Insertion or deletion of one or two bases changes the reading frame irom the point ot insertion or deletion.
(5) Iusertion or deletion of three or multiples of three bases (insert or delete) results in insertion or deletion of amino acids and reading frame remains unaltered from that point onwards.
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