Question

What are the types of neuroglia and their functions?

Answer 1

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Neuroglia are categorized into six subtypes. Four of them are present in the CNS:

Astrocyte

Oligodendrocyte

Microglia

Ependymal cell

Two of them are present in the PNS:

Satellite cell

Schwann cell

 the main functions includes ----

Astrocytes

Astrocytes are shaped like a star and are the most abundant glial cell in the CNS. They have many radiating processes which help in clinging to the neurons and capillaries. They support and brace the neurons and anchor them to the nutrient supply lines. They also help in the guiding the migration of young neurons. Astrocytes control the chemical environment around the neurons.

Microglial Cells

Microglial cells are small and ovoid un shape with thorny processes. They are found in the CNS. When invading microorganism or dead neurons are present, the microglial cells can transform into a phagocytic macrophage and help in cleaning the neuronal debris.

Ependymal Cells

Ependymal cells are ciliated and line the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord where they form a fairly permeable barrier between the cerebrospinal fluid that fills these cavities and the tissue cells of the CNS.

Oligodendrocytes

Oligodendrocytes line up along the nerves and produce an insulating cover called myelin sheath. They are found in the CNS.

satellites

Satellite cells function to provide nutrients and protection to neurons in the PNS. A satellite glial cell wraps itself around the neuron’s cell body. The cell body is a rounded section that contains the nucleus and other key organelles common to most somatic cells.

schwann cells

Schwann cells wrap themselves around the axons of neurons in the PNS. The axon is the long, thin part of the neuron, along which the electrical signal passes. The Schwann cell forms a protective layer called the myelin sheath – this operates like the insulated coating on electrical wiring. Without it, the electrical signal can be disrupted, slowed or stopped altogether.

hope it helps........

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