what are the types of physical features in India and what's their significance
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Geography > Physical Features of India > Main Physical Features of India
India is a land of diversity in all manners. From culture, economy and even the landscape of India has diverse elements, all on one landmass. The wide range of physical features of India makes the country a complete geographical study. In fact, India has every possible landscape that the earth has. From cold mountains to arid deserts, vast plains, hot and humid plateau and wide sea shores and tropical islands, the physical features of India cover every terrain.
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Origin of the Indian Landscape
Millions of years ago, the Peninsular Plateau region (the oldest landmass) was a part of the Gondwana Land which covered India, Australia, South Africa, and South America. Over hundreds of years of shifting landmass and ocean currents broke this landmass into multiple pieces.
One such piece- the Indo-Australian plate started shifting northwards, where it collided with the Eurasian plate (now Europe). Consequently, this collision caused the landmass to fold and become, what we know as the Himalayas today. Thereafter, many such geological events led to the formation of each of the varied physical features of India.
Physical Features of India
Main Physical Features of India
The physical features of India can be divided into six broad categories according to their physiographic forms:
Himalayan Mountains
The northernmost landscape of the country highlights the fold mountains of the Himalayas. Though geologically young, the Himalayan Mountains are the loftiest and the most rugged of the world. Since they stretch across 2500 KM from Kashmir in the north, through Arunachal Pradesh in the North East, these mountains form an arc. This helps keep the cold arctic winds from reaching the tropical landmass.
One of the most significant of all the physical features of India, the Himalayas vary in width between 400 Km to 150 KM. Furthermore, the entire mountain belt is divided into three main sections-
The Greater Himalayas or the Himadri, with average peaks reaching up to 6000 meters above the sea-level.
The Lesser Himalayas with average peaks rising as high as 4000 meters
The Outer Himalayas or the Shiwalik Range
The Eastern Hills or the Purvanchal covering North Bengal, and northernmost parts of the North Eastern states.
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