what are the types of viruses
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Answer:
Classification of Viruses
Viruses can be classified primarily on their phenotypic characteristics, core content, chemical composition, capsid structure, size, shape, genome structure and modes of replication.
The Baltimore classification is the most commonly used for studying the system of virus classification. This system was developed by an American biologist David Baltimore in the 1970s, for which he was awarded Nobel Prize.
The below flowchart describes the classification of viruses based on their different criteria.
Classification based on the presence of nucleic acid
DNA virus
The virus, having DNA as its genetic material. There are two different types of DNA virus
Single-stranded (Ss) DNA virus: e.g. Picornaviruses, Parvovirus, etc.
Double-stranded (Ds) DNA virus: e.g. Adenovirus, Herpesvirus, etc.
RNA virus
The virus, having RNA as its genetic material. There are two different types of RNA virus
Double-stranded (Ds) RNA virus: e.g. Reovirus, etc.
Single-stranded (Ss) RNA virus. It is further classified into two Positive sense RNA (+RNA) and Negative sense RNA (-RNA). Poliovirus, Hepatitis A, Rabies virus, Influenza virus are examples of single-stranded RNA virus.
Classification based on the structure or symmetry
Complex virus. E.g Poxvirus
Radial symmetry virus. E.g.Bacteriophage
Cubical or icosahedral symmetry shaped virus. E.g. Reovirus, Picornavirus
Rod or Spiral shaped or helical symmetry virus.E.g. Paramyxovirus, orthomyxovirus
Classification based on the replication properties and site of replication
Here, viruses invade into the host cell, where it replicates and assembly within the cell organelles.
Replication within the cytoplasm of the host cell.
E.g. All RNA virus except the Influenza virus.
Replication within the nucleus and the cytoplasm of the host cell.
E.g. Influenza virus, Poxvirus, etc.
Replication within the nucleus of the host cell.
All DNA viruses except Pox virus.
Replication of the virus through the double-stranded DNA intermediate.
E.g. All DNA virus, Retrovirus and some tumour causing RNA virus.
Replication of the virus through a single-stranded RNA intermediate.
E.g. All RNA virus except Reovirus and tumour-causing RNA viruses.
Classification based on the host range
Based on the type of host, there are four different types of viruses:
Animal viruses
These viruses infect by invading the cells of animals, including humans. Prominent examples of animal viruses include the influenza virus, mumps virus, rabies virus, poliovirus, Herpes virus, etc.
Plant viruses
These viruses infect plants by invading the plant cells. Well-known examples of plant virus include potato virus, tobacco mosaic virus, beet yellow virus, and turnip yellow virus, cauliflower mosaic virus, etc.
Bacteriophage
The virus which infects bacterial cells is known as bacteriophage. There are many varieties of bacteriophages, such as DNA virus, MV-11, RNA virus, λ phage, etc.
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ANSWER:Phytophages,zoophages, bacteriophages,zymophages,mycophages,cynophages.
Explanation:
Phytophages:plant infecting viruses called Phytophages- they have single stranded RNA,but cauliflower mosaic virus and Bauneia mosaic virus contans DNA.
Zoophages:viruses infecting animals are called zoophages',these virus contains double stranded DNA.
Bacteriophages: virus attacking bacteria are called 'Bacteriophages', these viruses contain double stranded DNA.
Zymophages: viruses infecting yeast are called 'zymophages', and they contain DNA.
Mycophages:Fungi infecting viruses are called 'Mycophages',and they contain DNA.
Cynophages: Cyanophycea infecting viruses are called 'cyanophages', which contain DNA as genetic material.