Question

what are the unique features of indian constitution​

Answer 1

Features of the Indian Constitution

Rigidity and flexibility

• The Indian constitution is combination of rigidity and flexibility, which means some parts of it can be amended by the Parliament by a simple majority, whereas some parts require a two-third majority as well as not less than one-half of the state legislatures.

Parliamentary system of government

• The Indian constitution provides for a parliamentary system of government, i.e., the real executive power rests with the council of ministers and the President is only a nominal ruler (Article 74).

Federal system with a unitary bias

• The Indian constitution described India as a 'Union of States' (Article 1), which implies that Indian federation is not the result of any agreement among the units and the units cannot secede from it.

Fundamental rights and fundamental duties

• The Indian constitution provides an elaborate list of Fundamental Rights to the citizens of India, which cannot be taken away or abridged by any law made by the states (Article 12–35). Similarly, the constitution also provides a list of 11 duties of the citizens, known as the Fundamental Duties (Article 51A).

Directive principles of state policy

• The Indian constitution mentions certain Directive Principles of State Policy (Article 36–51) which that government has to keep in mind while formulating new policy.

Secularism

• The constitution makes India a secular state by detaching from religious dogmas (Forty-second Amendment).

Independent judiciary

• The constitution provides an independent judiciary (Article 76) which ensures that the government is carried on in accordance with the provisions of the constitution and acts as a guardian of the liberties and fundamental rights of the citizens.

Single citizenship

• The Indian constitution provides a single citizenship for all the people residing different parts of the country and there is no separate citizenship for the states (Article 5–11).

Bicameral legislatures

• The Indian constitution provides a bicameral legislatures at centre consisting of Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and Lok Sabha (House of the People) (Article 79).

Emergency powers

• The constitution vests extraordinary powers, known as Emergency Powers in the President during emergencies out of armed rebellion or external aggression or due to failure of constitutional machinery in the state (Article 352–360).

Special provisions for minorities

• The constitution makes special provisions for minorities, Scheduled castes, Scheduled Tribes, etc. by granting them certain special rights and provisions.Basically those are some of the interesting features of Indian constitution. Moreover, the constitution also has many other features such as, Panchayati Raj, Rule of Law, Provisions for Independent Bodies, etc. which are very unique in nature.

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Answer 2

Answer:

• Indian Constitution is the lengthiest written Constitution in the world.
• It is framed by Constituent Assembly.
• Constituent Assembly elected a Drafting Committee to draft the Indian Constitution. Its chairman was Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
• Indian Constitution came into force on January 26, 1950.
• Indian Constitution took 2 years, 11 months and 17 days to complete the preamble.
• The Preamble is the preface of the Constitution.
• Indian Constitution is both rigid and flexible.
• The Temporary Chairman of Constituent Assembly was Dr. Sachidanand Sinha.
• The Permanent Chairman of Constituent Assembly was Dr. Rajendra Prasad.
• The Constituent Assembly was set up on the recommendations of Cabinet Mission Plan 1946.
• Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru moved the objective resolution in the Constituent Assembly.
• The Indian Constitution has 470 articles in 25 parts and 12 schedules.