Question

What are the various applications of electromeric effect?

Answer 1

Electromeric Effect (E)

It is a temporary effect which is shown by the organic compounds having a multiple bond (a double or triple bond) in the presence of an attacking reagent only.

It can be defined as the complete transfer of a shared pair of π-electrons to one of the atoms joined by multiple bonds in tjhe presence of an attacking reagent 

Type:

Positive Electromeric Effect (+ E Effect) 

 π- electrons of the multiple bonds are transferred to that atom to which reagent gets attached. 

Negative Electromeric Effect (− E Effect) 

π-electrons of the multiple bonds are transferred to that atom to which attacking reagent does not get attached. 

You can refer the examples posted by Kelwin.

Answer 2

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The addition of acids to alkenes is an example of the +E effect. After the transfer takes place, the reagent gets attached to the atom where the electrons have been transferred to. The -E effect can be found in reactions such as addition of cyanide ion to carbonyl compounds.