Question

What are the various methods of refining of metal

Answer 1

The process of separating the gold (or other metals) from the impurities surrounding it is called refining. There are several different methods that can be used for refining metals including:

Distillation

Liquation

Poling

Electrolysis

Zone refining

Vapor Phase refining.

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Answer 2

There are various methods of refining metal. This includes:-

1. Distillation
2. Liquation
3. Poling
4. Electrolysis
5. Zone refining
6. Vapour Phase refining

1. Distillation:- For metals that have a particularly low boiling point, such as mercury and zinc, they can be distilled to remove the impurities. Distillation is the process of vaporizing something, and then allowing it to condense back in a separate location. Mercury and zinc will readily vaporize, while most other metals and impurities won't. So if you heated up a sample of impure mercury, the mercury will vaporize but nothing else around it will. The vapor can be collected, and when it condenses back you are left with pure mercury.

2.Liquation:- Metals that have particularly low melting points can use the liquation method, this includes metals such as lead and tin. Liquation is similar to distillation, except the impure metal is only melted instead of vaporized. When the other impurities have a much higher melting point, they will remain solid and can be removed from the pure liquid metal.

When metal reaches high temperatures, it melts and turns into a red hot molten compound

Melted metal

With this method, the impure metal is typically put into a sloped container and heated to the melting point of the desired metal. Since it is sloped, the liquid metal will run down, leaving behind the solid impurities.

3.Poling:-Poling is a method used to purify metals that have oxidized impurities. It is typically used to purify metals like copper or tin that are in the impure form of copper oxide or tin oxide. This method may seem strange, but in order to do this we take a log of wood that is still green and use it to stir the liquid metal. The hydrocarbons in the green wood can reduce the metal, and the oxygen leaves as CO2 gas.

4.Electrolysis:-Electrolysis uses currents to give the energy needed to help a chemical reaction occur to break apart chemical bonds between metals and impurities. This method was first used in the late 18th century to separate tin and zinc from their salts. This method is also used for purifying aluminum. Aluminum oxide is melted and a current is passed through it. The electric current separates the aluminum from the oxygen. A cathode adds electrons on the aluminum, making pure aluminum, and an anode collects the extra electrons on the oxygen, combining it with carbon to form CO.

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