what are the various ways by which water becomes wastewater
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Fresh water supplies have become an increasingly scarce resource in many countries across the globe. A number of water-stressed cities now import their water, which is often pumped over long distances from its source to where it is most needed at high cost.
In June this year, National Geographic reported that Los Angeles alone imports 8.9 billion litres of water each day to satisfy the demand of its people, ranking first in the world in cross-basin water transfers. Along with Los Angeles, Boston, Mumbai, Karachi and Hong Kong make up the top five list of largest cities that import the most water from sources outside of their own.
With alarmingly high rates of water transfer occurring worldwide (often causing some degree of ecological harm), many countries are now seeking alternatives to producing drinking water closer to the point of consumption.
It is estimated that half of the fresh water consumed by cities is wasted, treated at sewage facilities and released back into the environment. One option being explored is to reclaim that wasted water - a technique known as potable water reuse.
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Explanation:
Wastewater is "used water from any combination of domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities, surface runoff or stormwater, and any sewer inflow or sewer infiltration". Therefore, wastewater is a byproduct of domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities.