what are the way by which the internal energy of the system can be determined...??
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chemical changes always accompany energy changes and it indicates that reactants and products must exhibit to have certain amounts of energy.
The fixed quantity of any substance will always be associated with a definite amount of energy, which again depends upon the chemical nature of the substances involved and as well as its state of existence. This energy is called internal energy (E) or intrinsic energy of the substance.
Internal energy is a state of a function whose value depends upon the state of the substance but does not depend upon how that state is achieved. For e.g., CO2 could be obtained by a variety of methods like heating CaCO3 or by burning coal. One mole of CO2 at N.T.P is associated with a definite amount of internal energy which would not depend upon the source.
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