Question

what are variations? mention two causes

Answer 1

no biological reaction is 100 percent accurate
so variations are formed while reproduction

Answer 2

Variation,  in biology, any difference between cells, individual organisms, or groups of organisms of any species caused either by genetic differences (genotypic variation) or by the effect of environmental factors on the expression of the genetic potentials (phenotypic variation).   
 causes
mutation (which can create entirely new alleles in a population), random mating, random fertilization, and recombination between homologous chromosomes during meiosis (which reshuffles alleles within an organism's offspring).