What arguments accepted by blacks & whites to live together in south africa
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In 1994, the newly elected African National Congress began to develop a programme of land reform. This includes three primary means of reform: redistribution, restitution, and land tenure reform.[19] Redistribution aims to transfer White-owned commercial farms to Black South Africans.[19] Restitution involves giving compensation to land lost to Whites due to apartheid, racism, and discrimination.[19] Land tenure reform strives to provide more secure access to land.[19] Several laws have been enacted to facilitate redistribution, restitution, and land tenure reform. The Provision of Certain Land of Settlement Act of 1996 designates land for settlement purposes and ensures financial assistance to those seeking to acquire land.[19] The Restitution of Land Rights Act of 1994 guided the implementation of restitution and gave it a legal basis.[19] The Extension of Security of Tenure Act of 1996 helps rural communities obtain stronger rights to their land and regulates the relationships between owners of rural land and those living on it.[19] So far, these land reform measures have been semi-effective. By 1998, over 250,000 Black South Africans received land as a result of the Land Redistribution Programme.[19] Very few restitution claims have been resolved.[19] In the five years following the land reform programmes were instituted, only 1% of land changed hands, despite the African National Congress’s goal of 30%.[19]
The Reconstruction and Development Programme
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The Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) was a socio-economic programme aimed at addressing racial inequalities by creating business and employment opportunities for Blacks.[20] However, the RDP was a short-lived policy, mainly due to protest by investors and stakeholders who did not have any voice in the creation of the RDP.[20] Critics of the RDP argue that it emphasised macroeconomic stability rather than social stability.[20]
Black Economic Empowerment (BEE)
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The Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment Act of 2003 aimed to offer new economic opportunities to disadvantaged communities.[20] Its goals include achieving the Constitutional right of equality, increasing broad-based participation of Blacks in the economy, protecting the common economic market, and securing equal access to government services.[20] Many scholars see BBBEE as capable of advancing economic growth, promoting new enterprises, and creating sustainable job opportunities for the previously disenfranchised.[20] Issues surrounding monitoring and enforcement are persistent obstacles to the success of BBBEE.[20] Also of note is that BEE allows the beneficiaries to come exclusively from wealthy previously disadvantaged groups.[citation needed] When this happens, the inequality between White and Black will improve but the inequality between rich and poor will get worse.[citation needed]
Education reform
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South Africa's Constitution mandates that the government make education accessible to all South Africans.[21] Under apartheid, Black South Africans received only Bantu Education, whilst White South Africans received a free education of much higher quality.[21] Today, South Africa spends over 20% of its budget on education, more than any other sector.[21] Educational investment accounts for a full 7% of the GDP.[21] Since the ANC instituted widespread accessible education, the total number of years the average South African completes has increased.[22] The structure of the national educational system gives power to individual provinces to choose how their schools run, while maintaining a streamlined national curriculum.[21] This significant investment in education has slowly closed the educational gap between Black and White South Africans. Since 1994 and the end of apartheid, Black African enrollment in higher education has nearly doubled, and continues to grow faster than overall higher education growth, at about 4.4% a year.[21] Key strategies of the educational reform include: offering free meals to students during the school day, providing free schools to the poorest areas, improving teacher training programmes, standardising progress assessments, and improving school infrastructure and