What basic laws does Big Bang Theory Contradicts?
Answers
Although the simple and short answer to this question is no and Newton's laws of motion do not contradict the Big Bang theory (that I disagree with this answer), to find a feasible and accurate answer let's review this question a bit deeper.
According to three theories of classical mechanics, quantum mechanics and relativity, we have a series of physical phenomena that each of which is valid in a certain range. And classical mechanics cannot enter new ranges, including the Big Bang theory.
The fundamental question is whether these ranges are defined by nature or by our physical theories?
Maybe someone says nature is so, but I say this is due to the inability of our theories. Let's start with Newton's second law of motion. This law defines acceleration, and the Big Bang theory has related to Newton's second law of motion or the relativistic Newton's second law(at least after the Big Bang).
Let’s focus on F=dp/dt, the right side of this relationship shows that the momentum changes,
Regarding relativity, in addition to speed, the particle mass that accelerates also varies. Assume that the directions of force and speed are the same, that is, the mass increases. Now if we look at this event according to the Standard Model of fundamental particles, we will find interesting results that can answer the main question of this topic.
In any interaction that is covered the relativistic Newton's second law and the momentum (mass and speed of the particle) increases, some mass (energy) must be transmitted from the left side of the relation F=dp/dt to the right side of it.
Also, the Standard Model of particle niverse in terms of Matter (fermions) and Force (bosons). Particles of matter transfer discrete amounts of energy by exchanging bosons with each other. [1]
Now we can combine classical mechanics with modern physics and get to a single physics. With such a combination, it's even possible to explain the cause of the big bang and before it.
Also, we cannot review Newton's second law of motion separately, it is necessary to pay attention to the gravitational law and cosmological equations. Because the Big Bang theory is based on the cosmological equations. As we know, we can use two theories for cosmology. The first is the Newtonian law of gravitation, and the second is Einstein's field equation in general relativity.
As shown in the text below, Newton has not provided a coherent cosmological approach, but Einstein has generalized his field equation to the cosmological equation.
In 1692, Newton wrote in a letter to Richard Bentley: “It seems to me that if the matter of our sun and planets and all the matter in the universe were evenly scattered throughout all the heavens, and every particle had an innate gravity toward all the rest, and the whole space throughout which this matter was scattered was but finite, the matter on the outside of the space would, by its gravity, tend toward all the matter on the inside, and consequently, it falls down into the middle of the whole space and there compose one great spherical mass. But if the matter was evenly disposed throughout an infinite space, it could never convene into one mass; but some of it would convene into one mass and some into another, so as to make an infinite number of great masses, scattered at great distances from one to another throughout all that infinite space.” [2]
In 1917, Einstein studied the universe at large using the General Theory of Relativity.
“One of objectives of Einstein’s program was to incorporate into the structure of general relativity what he called Mach’s Principle, meaning that the local inertial frame of reference should be determined by the large-scale distribution of matter in the Universe. There was, however, a further problem, first noted by Newton, that static model universes are unstable under gravity. Einstein proposed to solve both problems by introducing an additional term into the field equations, the cosmological constant”. [3]
In 1922, “Friedman found solutions for expanding world models with closed spatial geometries, including those that expand to a maximum radius and then collapse to a singularity”. [3]
In other words, Friedmann raised the possibility of a dynamic universe, which changes in size over time. Friedmann found the solutions for expanding the universe models with closed spatial geometries, including those that expand to a maximum radius and then collapse to a singularity. Friedmann showed that there exist expanding solutions that are unbounded with hyperbolic geometry. [4]
Answer:
Explanation:
to those who claim that the very idea of a Big Bang violates the First Law of Thermodynamics (also known as the Law of Conservation of Energy) that matter and energy cannot be created or destroyed, proponents respond that the Big Bang does not address the creation of the universe, only its evolution,
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