Physics, asked by deepsgmailcom1261, 1 year ago

What can be inferred about the physical state of a substance whose particle have extremely less inter particle force?

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Answered by MOHDSOOFIYANKHAN
0
The physical properties of a substance depends upon its physical state.

Water vapor, liquid water and ice all have the same chemical properties, but their physicalproperties are considerably different.

Covalent bonds determine

molecular shape

bond energies

chemical properties

Intermolecular forces (non-covalent bonds) influence

physical properties of liquids and solids

The Kinetic-Molecular Description of Liquids and Solids

Gases

A collection of widely separated molecules

The kinetic energy of the molecules is greater than any attractive forces between the molecules

The lack of any significant attractive force between molecules allows a gas to expand to fill its container

If attractive forces become large enough, then the gases exhibit non-ideal behavior

Liquids

The intermolecular attractive forces are strong enough to hold molecules close together

Liquids are more dense and less compressible than gasses

Liquids have a definite volume, independent of the size and shape of their container

The attractive forces are not strong enough, however, to keep neighboring molecules in a fixed position and molecules are free to move past or slide over one another

Thus, liquids can be poured and assume the shape of their containers

Solids

The intermolecular forces between neighboring molecules are strong enough to keep them locked in position

Solids (like liquids) are not very compressible due to the lack of space between molecules

If the molecules in a solid adopt a highly ordered packing arrangement, the structures are said to be crystalline

Due to the strong intermolecular forces between neighboring molecules, solids are rigid

The state of a substance depends on the balance between the kinetic energy of the individual particles (molecules or atoms) and the intermolecular forces

Kinetic energy keeps the molecules apart and moving around, and is a function of the temperature of the substance

Intermolecular forces try to draw the particles together

Gases have weaker intermolecular forces than liquids

Liquids have weaker intermolecular forces than solids

Solids and liquids have particles that are fairly close to one another, and are thus called "condensed phases" to distinguish them from gases

Changing the state of a substance

Temperature

Heating and cooling can change the kinetic energy of the particles in a substance, and so, we can change the physical state of a substance by heating or cooling it.

Cooling a gas may change the state to a liquid

Cooling a liquid may change the state to a solid

Pressure

Increasing the pressure on a substance forces the molecules closer together, which increasesthe strength of intermolecular forces

Increasing the pressure on a gas may change the state to a liquid

Increasing the pressure on a liquid may change the state to a solid

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