What can be inferred about the physical state of a substance whose particle have extremely less inter particle force?
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The physical properties of a substance depends upon its physical state.
Water vapor, liquid water and ice all have the same chemical properties, but their physicalproperties are considerably different.
Covalent bonds determine
molecular shape
bond energies
chemical properties
Intermolecular forces (non-covalent bonds) influence
physical properties of liquids and solids
The Kinetic-Molecular Description of Liquids and Solids
Gases
A collection of widely separated molecules
The kinetic energy of the molecules is greater than any attractive forces between the molecules
The lack of any significant attractive force between molecules allows a gas to expand to fill its container
If attractive forces become large enough, then the gases exhibit non-ideal behavior
Liquids
The intermolecular attractive forces are strong enough to hold molecules close together
Liquids are more dense and less compressible than gasses
Liquids have a definite volume, independent of the size and shape of their container
The attractive forces are not strong enough, however, to keep neighboring molecules in a fixed position and molecules are free to move past or slide over one another
Thus, liquids can be poured and assume the shape of their containers
Solids
The intermolecular forces between neighboring molecules are strong enough to keep them locked in position
Solids (like liquids) are not very compressible due to the lack of space between molecules
If the molecules in a solid adopt a highly ordered packing arrangement, the structures are said to be crystalline
Due to the strong intermolecular forces between neighboring molecules, solids are rigid
The state of a substance depends on the balance between the kinetic energy of the individual particles (molecules or atoms) and the intermolecular forces
Kinetic energy keeps the molecules apart and moving around, and is a function of the temperature of the substance
Intermolecular forces try to draw the particles together
Gases have weaker intermolecular forces than liquids
Liquids have weaker intermolecular forces than solids
Solids and liquids have particles that are fairly close to one another, and are thus called "condensed phases" to distinguish them from gases
Changing the state of a substance
Temperature
Heating and cooling can change the kinetic energy of the particles in a substance, and so, we can change the physical state of a substance by heating or cooling it.
Cooling a gas may change the state to a liquid
Cooling a liquid may change the state to a solid
Pressure
Increasing the pressure on a substance forces the molecules closer together, which increasesthe strength of intermolecular forces
Increasing the pressure on a gas may change the state to a liquid
Increasing the pressure on a liquid may change the state to a solid
Water vapor, liquid water and ice all have the same chemical properties, but their physicalproperties are considerably different.
Covalent bonds determine
molecular shape
bond energies
chemical properties
Intermolecular forces (non-covalent bonds) influence
physical properties of liquids and solids
The Kinetic-Molecular Description of Liquids and Solids
Gases
A collection of widely separated molecules
The kinetic energy of the molecules is greater than any attractive forces between the molecules
The lack of any significant attractive force between molecules allows a gas to expand to fill its container
If attractive forces become large enough, then the gases exhibit non-ideal behavior
Liquids
The intermolecular attractive forces are strong enough to hold molecules close together
Liquids are more dense and less compressible than gasses
Liquids have a definite volume, independent of the size and shape of their container
The attractive forces are not strong enough, however, to keep neighboring molecules in a fixed position and molecules are free to move past or slide over one another
Thus, liquids can be poured and assume the shape of their containers
Solids
The intermolecular forces between neighboring molecules are strong enough to keep them locked in position
Solids (like liquids) are not very compressible due to the lack of space between molecules
If the molecules in a solid adopt a highly ordered packing arrangement, the structures are said to be crystalline
Due to the strong intermolecular forces between neighboring molecules, solids are rigid
The state of a substance depends on the balance between the kinetic energy of the individual particles (molecules or atoms) and the intermolecular forces
Kinetic energy keeps the molecules apart and moving around, and is a function of the temperature of the substance
Intermolecular forces try to draw the particles together
Gases have weaker intermolecular forces than liquids
Liquids have weaker intermolecular forces than solids
Solids and liquids have particles that are fairly close to one another, and are thus called "condensed phases" to distinguish them from gases
Changing the state of a substance
Temperature
Heating and cooling can change the kinetic energy of the particles in a substance, and so, we can change the physical state of a substance by heating or cooling it.
Cooling a gas may change the state to a liquid
Cooling a liquid may change the state to a solid
Pressure
Increasing the pressure on a substance forces the molecules closer together, which increasesthe strength of intermolecular forces
Increasing the pressure on a gas may change the state to a liquid
Increasing the pressure on a liquid may change the state to a solid
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