What causes an Aurora?
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When charged particles from the sun strike atoms in Earth's atmosphere, they cause electrons in the atoms to move to a higher-energy state. When the electrons drop back to a lower energy state, they release a photon: light. This process creates the beautiful aurora, or northern lights.
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When charged particles enter magnetic field such that the lorentz force acting on them is at normal to their velocity then they follow helical path. The field lines come closer to each other at the magnetic poles hence the density of charge at poles increased and they collide with atoms and molecules of atmosphere. Excited oxygen atom emit green light and excited nitrogen atom emit pink light. This phenomenon/process is know as Aurora Boriolis or northern lights which can be seen in polar regions like Alaska and Nortern Canada.
Hope it helps. :)
Hope it helps. :)
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