Question

What cells in the eye are responsible for edge detection?

Answer 1

The primary light-sensing cells in the retina are the photoreceptor cells, which are of two types: rods and cones.

As always, the brain avoids using high-level structures for brute information processing of the visual field. So the raw "light/dark" cells feed this information, while in the eye, to ganglion cells that show center/surround signal processing.

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