what changes did people witness in every day life after revolution of 1789
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France Becomes a Constitutional Monarchy
The National Assembly completed the draft of the constitution in 1791, aiming to limit the powers of the monarch. The powers were now separated and assigned to different institutions – the legislature, executive and judiciary which made France a constitutional monarchy. The Constitution of 1791 gave the power of making laws in the hands of National Assembly, which was indirectly elected by a group of electors, which were chosen by active citizens. Active Citizens comprises of only men above 25 years of age who paid taxes equal to at least 3 days of a labourer’s wage. The remaining men and all women were classed as passive citizens who had no voting rights.
France Abolishes Monarchy and Becomes a Republic
Louis XVI had signed the Constitution, but he entered into secret negotiations with the King of Prussia. Rulers of other neighbouring countries too were worried by the developments in France and made plans to send troops to stop the revolutionary events taking place. Before this could happen, the National Assembly voted in April 1792 to declare war against Prussia and Austria. Thousands of volunteers joined the army from the provinces to join the army.People saw this war as a war of the people against kings and aristocracies all over Europe.
The revolutionary wars brought losses and economic difficulties to the people. The Constitution of 1791 gave political rights only to the richer sections of society. Political clubs were established by the people who wished to discuss government policies and plan their own forms of action. The most successful of these clubs was that of the Jacobins. The members of the Jacobin club belonged mainly to the less prosperous sections of society. Their leader was Maximilian Robespierre. Jacobins start wearing long striped trousers and came to be known as the sans-culottes, literally meaning those without knee breeches. In the summer of 1792 the Jacobins planned a revolt of a large number of the people of Paris who were angered by the short supplies and high prices of food.
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