Question

what determine the pitch of a percussion intrument

Answer 1

A pitched percussion instrument is a percussion instrument used to produce musical notes of one or more pitches, as opposed to an unpitched percussion instrument which is used to produce sounds of indefinite pitch.
Alternatively, other percussion instruments can gain pitch through variation of air volume displaced.

Answer 2

3 way the pitch of a percussion instruments can be determined:-

1. the thickness of the membrane

2. the hollowness of the membrane

3. the tightness of the knot