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For other uses, see Swami Vivekananda (disambiguation).
Swami Vivekananda (Bengali: [ʃami bibekanɔndo] (About this soundlisten); 12 January 1863 – 4 July 1902), born Narendranath Datta (Bengali: [nɔrendronatʰ dɔto]), was an Indian Hindu monk. He was a chief disciple of the 19th-century Indian mystic Ramakrishna.[4][5] He was a key figure in the introduction of the Indian philosophies of Vedanta and Yoga to the Western world,[6][7] and is credited with raising interfaith awareness, bringing Hinduism to the status of a major world religion during the late 19th century.[8] He was a major force in the contemporary Hindu reform movements in India, and contributed to the concept of nationalism in colonial India.[9] Vivekananda founded the Ramakrishna Math and the Ramakrishna Mission.[7] He is perhaps best known for his speech which began with the words "Sisters and brothers of America ...,"[10] in which he introduced Hinduism at the Parliament of the World's Religions in Chicago in 1893.
Swami Vivekananda
Black and white image of Vivekananda, facing left with his arms folded and wearing a turban
Vivekananda in Chicago, September 1893. On the Left note, Vivekananda wrote: "One infinite pure and holy – beyond thought beyond qualities I bow down to thee".[1]
Personal
Born
Narendranath Datta
12 January 1863
Calcutta, Bengal Presidency, British India (present-day Kolkata, West Bengal, India)
Died
4 July 1902 (aged 39)
Belur Math, Bengal Presidency, British India (present-day West Bengal, India)
Religion
Hinduism
Citizenship
British India
Alma mater
University of Calcutta (B.A.)
Signature
Swami-Vivekanda-Signature-transparent.png
Founder of
Ramakrishna Mission (1897)
Ramakrishna Math
Philosophy
Modern Vedanta[2][3]
Rāja yoga[3]
Religious career
Guru
Ramakrishna
Disciples
Ashokananda, Virajananda, Paramananda, Alasinga Perumal, Abhayananda, Sister Nivedita, Swami Sadananda
Influenced
Subhas Chandra Bose, Aurobindo Ghose, Bagha Jatin, Mahatma Gandhi, Rabindranath Tagore, Chakravarti Rajagopalachari, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Jawaharlal Nehru, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Jamsetji Tata, Sarah Bernhardt, Emma Calvé, Jagadish Chandra Bose, Annie Besant, Romain Rolland, Narendra Modi, Anna Hazare
Literary works
Raja Yoga
Karma Yoga
Bhakti Yoga
Jnana Yoga
My Master
Lectures from Colombo to Almora
Quotation
"Arise, awake, and stop not till the goal is reached"
(more in Wikiquote)
Born into an aristocratic Bengali Kayastha family of Calcutta, Vivekananda was inclined towards spirituality. He was influenced by his guru, Ramakrishna, from whom he learnt that all living beings were an embodiment of the divine self; therefore, service to God could be rendered by service to humankind. After Ramakrishna's death, Vivekananda toured the Indian subcontinent extensively and acquired first-hand knowledge of the conditions prevailing in British India. He later travelled to the United States, representing India at the 1893 Parliament of the World's Religions. Vivekananda conducted hundreds of public and private lectures and classes, disseminating tenets of Hindu philosophy in the United States, England and Europe. In India, Vivekananda is regarded as a patriotic saint, and his birthday is celebrated as National Youth Day.