Question

what did Doctor Ambedkar mean when he said that in politics we will have equality and in social and economic life we will have inequality

Answer 1

Dr. Ambedkar argued that with the establishment of a constitutional democracy in independent India, people would have political equality. Every citizen of India would have the right to vote and to stand for elected public offices. However, he also argued that the mere establishmet of political equality would not lead to social and economic equality. India society was divided along lines of caste which led to a system of social hierarchy. Political equality would not lead to the immediate removal of such age-old inequalities. India was also riven by economic inequalities with huge differences in the wealth levels of a few rich individuals and the vast majority of the poor. Again, political equality was not sufficient to remove such economic inequality. 

Answer 2

What Ambedkar wanted to say was that providing voting right to the lower caste people would not remove other inequalities such as between rich and poor, or between upper castes and lower castes. These classes of people could be labelled equal only politically but in reality it could not be possible due to our social and economic structure.