Question

What did Hindustan stand for medieval period What we're the major historical developments during the medieval period

Answer 1

Answer:

1. Hindustan is a Persian word that means “land of the Indus” or “land beyond the Indus”. (In Old Persian, Hindu was the name for the Indus River, derived from the Sanskrit form Sindhu.) So, in the Middle Ages, Hindustan was the Persian name for South Asia, the region that now includes Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh. Sri Lanka and the Maldives weren’t well known to Persian speakers, and it isn’t clear whether they would have been included in the vague idea of Hindustan.

2. Medieval technology is the technology used in medieval Europe under Christian rule. After the Renaissance of the 12th century, medieval Europe saw a radical change in the rate of new inventions, innovations in the ways of managing traditional means of production, and economic growth.[2] The period saw major technological advances, including the adoption of gunpowder, the invention of vertical windmills, spectacles, mechanical clocks, and greatly improved water mills, building techniques (Gothic architecture, medieval castles), and agriculture in general (three-field crop rotation).

The development of water mills from their ancient origins was impressive, and extended from agriculture to sawmills both for timber and stone. By the time of the Domesday Book, most large villages had turnable mills, around 6,500 in England alone.[3] Water-power was also widely used in mining for raising ore from shafts, crushing ore, and even powering bellows.

3. Ancient Indian History - Sources. Literary and Archaeological records are the two main categories that give evidences of Ancient Indian History. The literary source includes literature of Vedic, Sanskrit, Pali, Prakrit, and other literature along with other foreign accounts.

The archaeological and literary sources of information help historians trace history. Archaeological sources include monuments, temples, inscriptions, coins and weapons. Literary sources include manuscripts, folk tales, poems and biographies of different rulers. A manuscript is any document that is written by hand.

4. A chronicle is a record  of the rule of kings and life at the court. Some important chronicles of the medieval period are:

+ Rajatarangini by kalhana is a history of the kings of Kashmir.

+ Tarikh-I Firoz Shahi by Zia-ud-din Barani which is and about the economic features ,describes the history of the Sultans of Delhi till the reign of Firoz Shah Tughlaq.

+ Khazainul-Futuh and Tughlaqnama by Amir Khusrau deal with the reign of Khaljis and Tughluqs of the people or nation they met.

5.Travelogues play a significant role in the reconstruction of history. Travelogues are descriptions recorded by foreign explorers. The Travelogues gives us a comprehensive account of data about the social condition, the For example, many travelers such as Al-Beruni (from Central Asia), Ibn Battuta etc, toured India during the Medieval Period. Their letters and diaries serve as a valuable source in the reconstruction of History, as they illustrate almost all perspective of a nation.

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