Question

what did the rise of ports at Bombay and Calcutta indicate

Answer 1

The rise of the ports of Bombay and Calcutta in British India indicated that India was getting increasingly integrated with the global economy that was being established under the British empire. Raw material from India was exported to feed British industries and British manufactured product was impoted to India.

It also indicated the start of modern unbanization in India. Large number of people from the rural interiors migrated to Bombay and Calcutta to take part in the new global economy.

Later on, the rise of Bombay and Calcutta also marked the rise of native industries in India. Bombay became the centre of cotton textile industry in India and Calcutta became the centre of jute industry.