Question

what distinguishes pole star from other stars

Answer 1

A pole star is any (relatively) bright star that is aligned with earths axis of rotation, on either the southern or northern hemisphere. Currently the only bright pole star is Polaris, but pole stars change over time.
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Answer 2

pole star is towards north which help in ancient times to show the way to the north to the traveller. Pole star remains in its definete position. It is the brighest star.