what do we learn from identification of individuals and populations ?.
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The knowledge of characteristics of an individual or its entire population helps in the identification of similarities and dissimilarities among the individuals of same kind or between different types of organisms. It helps the scientists to classify organisms in various categories depending upon these similarities and dissimilarities.
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Answer:
Individual: It is a distinct living entity or package which carries out all life processes in its body, separate from those in other individuals. Individual organism is the basic unit of ecological hierarchy as it continuously exchanges materials and information with its environment. When new individual develop from pre existing one, then hereditary characters are transferred. Individual of the same race may differ due to - developmental stages (they differ from the adults, E. larva, pupa, juvenile or young gametophyte), sexual dimorphism (external differentiation of male and female individuals, e.g. cycas, date, papaya) and polymorphism (phenomenon of having different forms of individuals within the same organisms, e.g. obelia, volvox, honey bee, termite).
Populations: Population is a grouping of similar individuals in a particular geographical area or a space. Local populations include different populations of the same organisms present in particular geographical area. May be there are several ecotypes (a local population adapted genetically to its particular environment) of the same organism which show variations amongst them. Variations also observed in tribes ( two human tribes living in same geographical area), breeds ( externally demarcated group maintained by control breeding e.g grey hound, bull dog etc.) ,races (similar to breeds which are maintained by localised or selective breeding) and varieties (variations found in a species which are quite different in structure and behaviour, e.g. Indian crow and Srilankan crow.
Parameters that describe a population are:
1. Total number of individuals or populations size.
2. Kind and ratio of individuals like male and female, pre reproductive and post reproductive.
3. Space or area
4. Time
5. Population density.
Factors that affect populations are:
Natality: Rate of production of new individuals per unit of population per unit time.
Mortality: Rate of loss of individuals per unit time due to death.
Population dispersal: This includes emigration, immigration, migration.
Age distribution: Number of young individuals and older individuals.
Population growth rate: Number of individuals added per unit populations per unit time.
Resources: Population survive on the resources present including food, water, space.
Abiotic factors: Population size and growth influenced by duration of light, intensity of light, humidity, temperature, rainfall, snow etc.
Biotic factors: Growth rate of certain population decreases with increase in density.
Population of fluctuations: It is of two type irruptive and cyclic.
Explanation:
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