what do you know about the central and provincial administration of the Mughals
Answers
Answer:
✔Centralised administration was established under the king who controlled the entire administration.
✔He was helped by a Council of Ministers.
✔Wakil was the Prime Minister, diwan or wazir was the minister of revenue and expenditure.
✔Mir Bakshi was the minister of military administration, Mir Saman was the minister of royal household and Sadr was the minister fir enforcing the Islamic law, sharia.
✔The empire was divided into subas(provinces), each governed by the subedar.
✔The subas were further divided into sarkars (districts) which were divided into parganas, each made up of a number of villages.
✔Officers of administration were paid regular salaries.
✔The towns were administered by Kotwalas who maintained law and order, checked weights and measures, and kept a record of people living in the area.
✔Infantry, cavalry, war elephants and artillery were present in Mughal army.
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Answer:
Nature of provincial administration:
According to J.N. Sarkar, the administration of a province “was an exact miniature of the Central Government.”
Dr. Ishwari Prasad calls ‘Suba’ as a “replica of the empire in every respect.”
The provincial administration was organised on the model of central administration.
There were similar departments in the province under a governor who was appointed by the emperor. Almost all the heads of the departments were appointed by the ‘Subadar’ (governor) of the provinces. The provinces were divided into Sarkars (districts), parganas (Tehsils) and villages.
Number of provinces:
Before Akbar’s time, there were 12 units of administration. Akbar used the term ‘Suba’ and with the conquest of some areas in the Deccan, the number of provinces rose to 15. During Jahangir’s time, the number rose to 17 and Shah Jahan’s time it increased to 22.
Officers in a province:
Subedar, Diwan, Bakshi, Waqa-i-Newis, Qazi and the Kotwal.