what do you know about the composition of the atmosphere?
Answers
Explanation:
The Earth is surrounded by air—a mixture of various gases that reaches up to a height of many kilometers. This envelope of air makes up our atmosphere (Figure 2.13). It is held in place by the Earth’s gravity. Almost all the atmosphere (97 percent) lies within 30 km (19 mi) of the Earth’s surface. The upper limit of the atmosphere is at a height of approximately 10,000 km (about 6000 mi) above the Earth’s surface—a distance that is nearly as large as Earth’s diameter.
The proportion of gases in dry air is highly uniform up to an altitude of about 80 km (50 mi). About 99 percent of pure, dry air is nitrogen (about 78 percent by volume) and oxygen (about 21 percent). These two main component gases of the lower atmosphere are perfectly mixed, so pure, dry air behaves as if it is a single gas with very definite physical properties.
Nitrogen gas is a molecule consisting of two nitrogen atoms (N2). It does not easily react with other substances. Soil bacteria do take up very small amounts of nitrogen, which can be used by plants, but otherwise nitrogen is largely a “filler,” adding inert bulk to the atmosphere. In contrast, oxygen gas (O2) is chemically very active, combining readily with other elements in the process of oxidation. Fuel combustion is a rapid form of oxidation, while certain types of rock decay (weathering) are very slow forms of oxidation. Living tissues require oxygen to convert foods into energy.
Answer:
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Explanation:
The atmosphere contains many gases, most in small amounts, including some pollutants and greenhouse gases.
The most abundant gas in the atmosphere is nitrogen, with oxygen second.
Argon, an inert gas, is the third most abundant gas in the atmosphere.
The atmosphere is concentrated at the earth’s surface and rapidly thins as you move upward, blending with space at roughly 100 miles above sea level
. The atmosphere is actually very thin compared to the size of the earth, equivalent in thickness to a piece of paper laid over a beach ball.
However, it is responsible for keeping our earth habitable and for producing weather.
The atmosphere is composed of a mix of several different gases in differing amounts.
The permanent gases whose percentages do not change from day to day are nitrogen, oxygen and argon.
Nitrogen accounts for 78% of the atmosphere, oxygen 21% and argon 0.9%.
Gases like carbon dioxide, nitrous oxides, methane, and ozone are trace gases that account for about a tenth of one percent of the atmosphere.
Water vapor is unique in that its concentration varies from 0-4% of the atmosphere depending on where you are and what time of the day it is
. In the cold, dry artic regions water vapor usually accounts for less than 1% of the atmosphere, while in humid, tropical regions water vapor can account for almost 4% of the atmosphere.
Water vapor content is very important in predicting weather.
Greenhouse gases whose percentages vary daily, seasonally, and annually have physical and chemical properties which make them interact with solar radiation and infrared light (heat) given off from the earth to affect the energy balance of the globe.
This is why scientists are watching the observed increase in greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane carefully, because even though they are small in amount, they can strongly affect the global energy balance and temperature over time.
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