Question

What do you mean by binary fusion? Give some examples in plants.

Answer 1

Binary Fission in Bacteria

Binary Fission Definition

Binary fission is the process through which asexual reproduction happens in bacteria. During binary fission, a single organism becomes two independent organisms. Binary fission is also used to describe the duplication of organelles in eukaryotic species, and is sometimes used to describe the reproduction of some invertebrates that asexually reproduce through budding. Though their cells undergo mitosis, the process is known as binary fission as it produces two organisms from one. In the similar multiple fission, an organism divides into more than two copies.

Binary Fission Steps



Before binary fission of a prokaryote, as seen in step 1 of the above graphic, a prokaryote’s DNA is tightly wound. Sometimes, the prokaryote will carry small plasmids, which are small rings of DNA that carry extra genetic information. During the second step of binary fission, the DNA is unraveled. As it is unraveled, proteins gain access to the DNA, which are able to replicate the ring of DNA. The same proteins work on the plasmids in the cell, duplicating them as well. By step 3, both the DNA and plasmids have been duplicated. The individual copies of DNA attach themselves to different parts of the cell membrane. As the cell elongates in preparation for division, the DNA molecules are pulled to different sides of the cell.

At step 4, a cleavage furrow appears in the cell membrane, as the cell wall and membrane start to pinch off and create two new cells. Finally, as seen in step 5, the cells become completely separated from one another as a new bacterial cell wall forms. The final step includes breaking any additional proteins or other molecules that still connect the two cells. Each cell now has everything it needs to continue the functions of life independently.

Examples of Binary Fission

Binary Fission in Bacteria

All of the organisms in the domains Archaea and Bacteria reproduce asexually through binary fission. By far, bacteria account for the most populous organisms on the planet. The process of binary fission is a very stable one, and because bacteria have a very simple genome, there are relatively few mutations in prokaryotes as compared to eukaryotes. Eukaryotes must undergo many cell divisions before gametes can be produced for sexual reproduction, therefore many more mutations can be introduced before offspring are created.

Bacteria will go through the steps listed above as they proceed through binary fission. However, there are many alterations on this scheme that have evolved in the different lines of bacteria. For instance the bacteria Bacillus subtilisis a bacteria that exists in the soil and in the gut of some mammals, including humans. This bacteria can divide equally, creating two relatively identical cells, or it can create a much smaller division, which acts as a spore. This endospore is much more resilient than its larger counterpart, and can travel through an animal or the environment to new locations or simply survive until favorable conditions return. Bacteria also vary in the way that they elongate to divide. Some bacteria extend at the far end, while others grow from the middle outward. Even the timing with which bacteria divide is different, and directed by genetics. Some bacteria can divide in as little as 20 minutes, while other take many hours.


C.

Answer 2

1.binary fussion is the type of asexual reproduction.

2. in these process two daughter cells are produces.

3. initally nucleus divides ; then division of cytoplasm takes place.

4. eg = in amoeba binary fussion occurs.


hope it helps!!