what do you mean by - by election
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A by-election, also spelled bye-election, and also known as a special election (United States, the Philippines) or a bypoll (India), is an election used to fill an office that has become vacant between general elections.
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What do you mean by election? Why is it needed in a democracy?
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Election is a mechanism by which people can choose their representatives at regular intervals and change them if they wish to do so. Elections are considered essential for the following reasons:
(i) In any large community it is not possible for all the people to sit together everyday and take all the decisions. Nor is it possible for everyone to have the time and knowledge to take decisions on all matters. Therefore, in most democracies, people rule through their representatives, who are elected by the people themselves. For electing these representatives, elections are essential.
(ii) Elections are fought on party basis. The party which gets a majority forms the government. If the government fails to work as per its promises, people can change it. They bring this change through elections. Thus, elections enable people to exercise control over the government.
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