Question

What do you mean by conservation of biodiversity? Explain about in-situ and ex-situ conservation strategies for biodiversity conservation ​

Answer 1

Answer:

Conservation of biodiversity is "protection", "upliftment & scientific management" of biodiversity so as to maintain it at its "threshold level" & derive "sustainable benefits" for the present and future generation.

Conservation of biodiversity means protection & maintenance of habitats to gain sustainable development resources.  Conservation of biodiversity has three primary goals:

(i) To preserve species diversity.

(i) Sustainable use of ecosystems and species.

(iii) To maintain critical ecological processes & life-supporting systems

Explanation:

Types of Conservation:

In-situ Conservation

In-situ biodiversity conservation is where genetic resources are conserved in their natural plant or animal population areas, such as forest genetic resources in the tree species' natural populations.  In-situ conservation preserves an endangered plant/animal species in its natural environment by preserving or protecting its own habitat  or protecting it from predators.

It is used by farmers, and particularly by those who use unconventional farming practices, to conserve farm biodiversity in agroforestry. In-situ conservation is being done by declaring area as protected area.

1. National Parks: A National Park is a strictly protected area for wildlife conservation and does not allow activities such as grazing,  forestry, or cultivation on the grounds. And private property rights are not permitted in these parks. They have well-defined and circumscribed borders. Typically they are small reserves spread over 100-500 square Kilometers.  The emphasis is on the protection of a single plant or animal species in the national parks.
2. Wildlife Sanctuaries: A sanctuary is a protected area designated for animal protection,  gathering minor forest products, timber harvesting, & private ownership rights are and human activities such as  are permitted, provided that it does not interfere with animal wellbeing. Sanctuary boundaries are not clearly defined, & controlled biotic interference is allowed e.g. tourism, is allowed.
3. Biosphere Reserve: It is a "multi-purpose protected areas"  where people are also included in the system. They are typically more than 5,000 sq. km wide where traditional lifestyle of the inhabitants, wildlife and domesticated animals & plants are protected. A biosphere reserves has 3 parts.  The core area is the inner zone; this is a legally secure & undisturbed area. Between the core zone and the transition zone lies the buffer area. Here such activities in research and education are permissible. The transition zone is the outermost portion of the biosphere reserves . Cultivation, forestry, tourism, fishing and other activities are permitted here.

Ex-situ Conservation

The conservation of species outside their natural environments is the known as ex-situ conservation of the biodiversity. This includes conserving both genetic and wild and cultivated resources & species, and relies on a range of facilities & techniques. These include botanical gardening, zoos,  genes, pollen crop, seedlings, tissue culture & DNA banks.

1. Seed Gene Bank: These are cold storages in which seeds are stored under controlled humidity & temperature, making it easier to store plant's germ plasma at lower temperatures. Under controlled conditions (less temperature) seeds are  "viable" for a long time.
2. Botanical Gardens: It is a location for the cultivation of flowers, fruit and vegetables. The botanical gardens offer peace and elegance. Most have begun to preserve exotic plants for education and science.
3. Long-Term Captive Breeding: The approach requires the capture, care and long-term captive breeding of  of the threatened species, who have lost forever their habitat or are present in their habitat under very adverse conditions.
4. Tissue- Culture Bank: It is very beneficial to cryopreserve disease-free meristems. The excised roots and shoots community is preserved for a long time. Culture of meristem is very common in plant spread because it is a method of multiplication free from viruses and diseases.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Conservation of species

Explanation:

We all need to conserve biodiversity, as it leads to the conservation of essential ecological diversity to preserve the continuity of food chains. In-situ and Ex-situ conservation are the two strategies practised for the preservation of a variety of living species globally.

It is the methods of conserving all the living species, especially the wild and endangered species in their natural habitats and environment. In-situ conservation of Biodiversity includes biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, etc.

What is Ex-situ Conservation?

It is the methods of conserving all the living species in the artful habitats that reflect their natural living habitats. Ex-situ Conservation of Biodiversity comprises of aquariums, botanical gardens,