Question

What do you mean by conservative of biodiversity? Explain about in situ and ex situ conservative strategies for biodiversity conservation

Answer 1

Conserve biodiversity and natural resources, such as forests and water, shall be safeguarded, protected and controlled or restored. It can be assured by conserving biodiversity and the protection of many endangered species and ecosystems due to human activities. Not only is the management and protection of biotic resources urgently needed, but also the restoration of degraded ecosystems

Explanation:

Types of Conservation: In-situ Conservation

• In the field of conservation, genetic resources are conserved in their natural plant or animal population areas, such as forest genetic resources in the tree species' natural populations.  In-situ conservation It preserves an endangered plant/animal species in its natural environment by preserving or cleaning its own habitat  or protecting it from predators.
• It is used by farmers, and particularly by those who use unconventional farming practices, to conserve farm biodiversity in agroforestry. In-situ conservation is being done by declaring area as protected area.

1. National Parks: A National Park is a strictly protected area for wildlife conservation and does not allow activities such as grazing,  forestry, or cultivation on the grounds. And private property rights are not permitted in these parks. They have well-defined and circumscribed borders. Typically they are small reserves spread over 100-500 square Kilometers.  The emphasis is on the protection of a single plant or animal species in the national parks.
2. Wildlife Sanctuaries: A sanctuary is a protected area designated for animal protection,  gathering minor forest products, timber harvesting, & private ownership rights are and human activities such as  are permitted, provided that it does not interfere with animal wellbeing. Sanctuary boundaries are not clearly defined, & controlled biotic interference is allowed e.g. tourism, is allowed.
3. Biosphere Reserve: It is a special protected group of areas where people are also included in the system. They are typically more than 5,000 sq. km wide protected area. A biosphere reserves has 3 parts.   The core area is the inner zone; this is a legally secure & undisturbed area. Between the core zone and the transition zone lies the buffer area. Here such activities in research and education are permissible. The transition zone is the outermost portion of the reserves of the biosphere. Cultivation, forestry, tourism, fishing and other activities are permitted here.

Ex-situ Conservation

• The conservation of species outside their natural environments is the conservation of the biological diversity components. This includes conserving both genetic and wild and cultivated resources & species, and relies on a range of facilities & techniques. These include botanical gardening, zoos,  genes, pollen crop, seedlings, tissue culture & DNA banks.

1. Seed Gene Bank: These are cold storages in which seeds are stored under controlled humidity & temperature, making it easier to store plant's germ plasma at lower temperatures. Under controlled conditions (less temperature) seeds are  "viable" for a long time.
2. Botanical Gardens: It is a location for the cultivation of flowers, fruit and vegetables. The botanical gardens offer peace and elegance. Most have begun to preserve exotic plants for education and science.
3. Long-Term Captive Breeding: The approach requires the capture, care and long-term captive breeding of individuals of the threatened species, who have lost forever their habitat or are present in their habitat under very adverse conditions.
4. Tissue- Culture Bank: It is very beneficial to cryopreserve disease-free meristems. The excised roots and shoots community is preserved for a long time. Culture of meristem is very common in plant spread because it is a method of multiplication free from viruses and diseases.

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Answer 2

In order to protect the species for extinction they need to be conserved and hoch involves two methods as in site and off site conservation.

Explanation:

• The conservation of biodiversity means the preservation and protection of biodiversity along with the scientific management of species and to draw out the sustainable benefits for the present and future generations.

• The method of protecting the species in their natural habitat is called the in situ conservation and the ex situ conservation is the conservation of species in the external environment such as relocation of rare species.

• Ex-situ conservation is the off-site conservation an example of the agricultural biodiversity that based on the gene banks. The population of species that are rare is kept in captivity i.e away from poaching and protected from predators in wild.

• The in situ conservation of species is a form of conservation strategy where the environment or habitat of species is modified to allow the growth and development of species such as a home gardening etc which involves maintenance of the species habitat.

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