Question

what do you mean by Galilean transformation

Answer 1

hiii,

In physics, a Galilean transformation is used to transform between the coordinates of two reference frames which differ only by constant relative motion within the constructs of Newtonian physics. ... Without the translations in space and time the group is the homogeneous Galilean group.

hope helps

Answer 2

Consider two frames S and S' of reference one at rest and other is moving with uniform velocity v.

Let O and O' be the observers situated at the origins of S and S' respectively.

They are observing the same event at any point P.

Let two frames be parallel to each other i.e. X'-axis is parallel to X-axis . Y'-axis is parallel to Y-axis, Z'-axis is parallel to Z-axis.

Let the coordinates of P(x,y,z,t) and (x',y',z',t') relative to origins O and O' respectively.

The choice of the origins of two frames is such that their origins concide at time

t=0

and

t'=0

Case 1
-----------

Let the frame S' have the velocity v only in X' direction.

Then O' has velocity v only along X'-axis. 

The two systems can be combined to each other by the following equations

(x'=x-vt 
y'=y
z'=z
t'=t)...........(1)

Case 2
-----------

Let the frame S' have velocity v along any straight line in any direction such that 

v= ivx+jvy+kvz

After time t, the frame S' separated from S by distance tvx,tvy,tvz along x,y,z axes respectively.

then two systems can be related by the following equations.

(x'=x-tvx

y'=y-tvy

z'=z-tvz

t'=t)............(2)

Transformations (1) and (2) are called galilean transformations.