what do you mean by hazard? write any 5 types of hazard . classification of hazard. (5 marks)
Answers
Answer:
1- physical
2-safety
3- psychosocial
4-ergonomic
5-biological
these are your answer
Explanation:
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A hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone.
Harm – physical injury or damage to health.
Hazard – a potential source of harm to a worker.
Basically, a hazard is the potential for harm or an adverse effect (for example, to people as health effects, to organisations as property or equipment losses, or to the environment).
Sometimes the resulting harm is referred to as the hazard instead of the actual source of the hazard. For example, the disease tuberculosis (TB) might be called a “hazard” by some but, in general, the TB-causing bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) would be considered the “hazard” or “hazardous biological agent”.
TYPES OF HAZARDS:
A common way to classify hazards is by category:
Biological – bacteria, viruses, insects, plants, birds, animals, and humans, etc.,
Chemical – depends on the physical, chemical and toxic properties of the chemical,
Ergonomic – repetitive movements, improper set up of workstation, poor design of equipment, workstation design, (postural) or workflow, manual handling, repetitive movement.etc.,
Physical – Slippery floors, objects in walkways, unsafe or misused machinery, excessive noise, poor lighting, fire. radiation, magnetic fields, pressure extremes (high pressure or vacuum), noise, etc.,
Psychological – Shift work, workload, dealing with the public, harassment, discrimination, threat of danger, constant low-level noise, stress.stress, violence, etc.,
Safety – slipping/tripping hazards, inappropriate machine guarding, equipment malfunctions or breakdowns.
BIOLOGICAL HAZARD:
Wastes from hospitals and research facilities may contain disease-causing organisms that could infect site personnel. Like chemical hazards, etiologic agents may be dispersed in the environment via water and wind. Other biologic hazards that may be present at a hazardous waste site include poisonous plants, insects, animals, and indigenous pathogens. Protective clothing and respiratory equipment can help reduce the chances of exposure. Thorough washing of any exposed body parts and equipment will help protect against infection.
Types of things you may be exposed to include:
Blood and other body fluids
Fungi/mold
Bacteria and viruses
Plants
Insect bites
Animal and bird droppings
PHYSICAL HAZARD:
Are factors within the environment that can harm the body without necessarily touching it.
Physical Hazards Include:
Radiation: including ionising, nonionizing (EMF’s, microwaves, radio waves, etc.)
High exposure to sunlight/ultraviolet rays
Temperature extremes – hot and cold
Constant loud noise
ERGONOMICS HAZARDS:
Occur when the type of work, body positions and working conditions put strain on your body. They are the hardest to spot since you don’t always immediately notice the strain on your body or the harm that these hazards pose. Short term exposure may result in “sore muscles” the next day or in the days following exposure, but long-term exposure can result in serious long-term illnesses.
Ergonomic Hazards Include:
Improperly adjusted workstations and chairs
Frequent lifting
Poor posture
Awkward movements, especially if they are repetitive
Repeating the same movements over and over
Having to use too much force, especially if you have to do it frequently
Vibration
CHEMICAL HAZARDS:
Are present when a worker is exposed to any chemical preparation in the workplace in any form (solid, liquid or gas). Some are safer than others, but to some workers who are more sensitive to chemicals, even common solutions can cause illness, skin irritation, or breathing problems.
Beware of:
Liquids like cleaning products, paints, acids, solvents – ESPECIALLY if chemicals are in an unlabelled container!
Vapours and fumes that come from welding or exposure to solvents
Gases like acetylene, propane, carbon monoxide and helium
Flammable materials like gasoline, solvents, and explosive chemicals.
Pesticides
SAFETY HAZARDS:
These are the most common and will be present in most workplaces at one time or another. They include unsafe conditions that can cause injury, illness and death.
Safety Hazards Include:
Spills on floors or tripping hazards, such as blocked aisles or cords running across the floor
Working from heights, including ladders, scaffolds, roofs, or any raised work area
Unguarded machinery and moving machinery parts; guards removed or moving parts that a worker can accidentally touch
Electrical hazards like frayed cords, missing ground pins, improper wiring