Question

what do you mean by logic? 150 words​

Answer 1

a proper or reasonable way of thinking about something : sound reasoning There's no logic in what you said. 2 : a science that deals with the rules and processes used in sound thinking and reasoning.

In simple words, logic is “the study of correct reasoning, especially regarding making inferences.” Logic began as a philosophical term and is now used in other disciplines like math and computer science. While the definition sounds simple enough, understanding logic is a little more complex.

Logic is a formal system of analysis that helps writers invent, demonstrate, and prove arguments. It works by testing propositions against one another to determine their accuracy.

The purpose of logic is to enable either valid deductions or cogent inferences from premises. Such deductions or inferences make the conclusions more reliable if the premises are true, enabling better reasoning and decision-making.

Derived from a Greek word, Logos means “logic.” Logos is a literary device that can be described as a statement, sentence, or argument used to convince or persuade the targeted audience by employing reason or logic. In everyday life, arguments depend upon pathos and ethos besides logos.

Logical thinking skills are important because they can help you reason through important decisions, solve problems, generate creative ideas and set goals—all of which are necessary for developing your career.

Training ourselves to construct effective arguments and to spot weak ones is a skill that is useful in just about every field of endeavor, as well as in everyday life. It helps steer us in the direction of truth and away from falsehood.

hope it helps you dear thank u

Answer 2

Logic is a formal system that was invented by mathematicians and philosophers to set up rules for how we should prove or disprove things. The purpose of formal logic is to help us to construct valid arguments (or proofs) and to judge whether the arguments (or proofs) of others are valid. Another major use of formal logic is computer languages and digital circuits. All electronic hardware and all computer programs are based on the rules of formal logic.

We will give a formal definition of an argument later, but in order to begin by getting a sense of the purpose of formal logic, we will give some informal examples here. An argument is simply a sequence of statements, or a sequence of sentences so that each sentence asserts a fact about something and each sentence is either true or false (for a complete explanation of what a statement is and some examples, see the next section of this lecture).

The last statement given in an argument (which always begins with the word "therefore" when we write up the argument formally) is called the conclusion, and all other statements in the argument are called the premises.

Here are some examples of arguments:

Example 1:

If the subway is delayed today, I will be late to class. (premise)

If I am late to class today, I will lose 10 points from my homework grade. (premise)

The subway is delayed today. (premise)

Therefore, I will lose 10 points on my homework today. (conclusion)

Example 2:

2x < 2. (premise)

x > −1. (premise)

Therefore, −1 < x < 1. (conclusion)

Our first example here is an argument about everyday things, and our second example is an argument about mathematics. More complicated arguments may be built by taking several simple arguments and putting them together, often so that the conclusions of one simple argument become one of the premises of the next simple argument.

Valid vs Invalid Arguments

When we listen to or read the arguments of others, we want to be able to evaluate whether or not the argument that they are making actually works. There are 2 basic ways in which an argument can fail:

one or more of the premises are actually false

the structure of the argument is invalid

(We say that an argument is valid if the conclusion of the argument is true whenever all of the premises are true.)

If one or more of the premises of an argument is false, then it doesn't matter how good the structure of the argument is, because we can only assume that the conclusion is true if all of the premises are true.

Here is an example of an argument that has a valid structure, but where we cannot assume that the conclusion is true because one of the premises is false: