what do you mean by meal planning what are the factors affecting meal planning
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It is not very easy to provide acceptable mi to each member of the family according their likings. Even after being familiar all the principles of meal planning, a house- is often unable to select foods according to members of the family as the number of factors affect meal planning which are as follows:
Economic factor:The amount and the kind of food for a family depend on its income. With the decrease in income percentage, expenditure food increases and hence more careful efforts are required to plan meals. Society can be divided into three categories on the basis of income - lower, middle, and high income groups.With the increase in income, choice in selecting foods can be wider for seasonal or non-seasonal foods and such foods can be procured locally or from far off places.etc.(ii) Use jiggery in place of sugar.(iii) Use seasonal and locally produced fruits and vegetables.(iv) Use methods like sprouting, fermentation, and combination of foods to enhance nutritive value. For example, khichdi made by combination of cereal and pulses is very nutritious food.(v) Use methods like pressure cooking to retain nutritive value of foods (vi) Use cheap nuts like groundnuts.
(vii) Utilise leftovers properly.
Size and composition of the family
(i) Size of the family:Size of a family refers to the number of its members. Amount of food served in the family is largely determined by the number of its members. More members mean more food for the family.
(ii) Family composition:Family composition refers to the age, sex, activity, occupation, and different physical conditions of its members.
Age determines the nutritional requirements of all family members, e.g., more protein and minerals are required for growing children
• Occupation. More calories are required for a heavy worker whereas more proteins are required for people doing mental work(a) Sedentary worker-Teacher, Lawyer, Doctor, Nurse, etc.(b) Moderate worker-Driver, Potter, Carpenter, etc.(c) Heavy worker-Player, Labourer, Iron smith, etc.• Sex. Normally women require less food as compared to men because of their less height, weight, body composition, and physical activity, e.g., a 30 years-old woman doing heavy work requires 3000 calories per day but the requirement of a male of the same age and doing the same work requires 3900 calories per day.• Physical condition. Some specific body conditions affect the nutritional requirements, e.g., during pregnancy and lactation the body requires more nutrients. A diabetic patient requires less of carbohydrates. A person with high blood pressure requires less salt.
3. Season:In summers, bottle gourd, ridge gourd, pumpkin, tinder, bitter gourd, etc., are in abundance whereas carrots, radish, tomato, peas, cauliflower, etc., in winters. Seasonal foods are also more likeable as well as nutritious.Physical requirements also change with the change in season. Cold drinks like lemon water, soft drinks, ice creams, kali, etc. are liked in summer and hot drinks like tea, coffee and high calorie foods like peanuts or till chick, pannier, hot pakoras, tike, Samoa, etc., are preferred in winter. Therefore, a housewife must choose vegetables, fruits, and other foodstuffs according to the season.
4. Food availability:Availability of food also affects the meal planning. A housewife should make maximum use of locally produced foodstuffs because they are cheap, tasty and compatible with the climate. For example, sea food is easily available and cheap in coastal areas so it is the staple food of the people living there. which at the time of more variety need can be added to the meal.
5. Food these foods and their tastes have developed accordingly, e.g., Idly and Dose is a special food of southern India and Dhaka, Khadi, echo western India.
• Religious beliefs. Religion plays an important role in the acceptance of food, e.g., non-vegetarian foods are prohibited in certain religions, whereas garlic and onions in some other sects. Some special dishes are prepared on religious festivals like Diwali, Dussehra, Holi, Asthma, etc. Sweets are also made on auspicious occasions.• Food habits. Food habits affect meal planning to a great extent, e.g., some people take heavy breakfast while others prefer heavy dinner, some people like rice while others chapattis.
6. Lifestyle:Every family has a different life's Therefore, number of meals taken in a also varies in some families 2-3 meals taken in a day whereas in some it is upto times. Meal-time also varies in every far because the time and number of meals affected by the person's activity, income a physical state. For example, number of me taken is more in high income group compared to low income group.
7. Availability of time, energy and labor saving devices:
Economic factor:The amount and the kind of food for a family depend on its income. With the decrease in income percentage, expenditure food increases and hence more careful efforts are required to plan meals. Society can be divided into three categories on the basis of income - lower, middle, and high income groups.With the increase in income, choice in selecting foods can be wider for seasonal or non-seasonal foods and such foods can be procured locally or from far off places.etc.(ii) Use jiggery in place of sugar.(iii) Use seasonal and locally produced fruits and vegetables.(iv) Use methods like sprouting, fermentation, and combination of foods to enhance nutritive value. For example, khichdi made by combination of cereal and pulses is very nutritious food.(v) Use methods like pressure cooking to retain nutritive value of foods (vi) Use cheap nuts like groundnuts.
(vii) Utilise leftovers properly.
Size and composition of the family
(i) Size of the family:Size of a family refers to the number of its members. Amount of food served in the family is largely determined by the number of its members. More members mean more food for the family.
(ii) Family composition:Family composition refers to the age, sex, activity, occupation, and different physical conditions of its members.
Age determines the nutritional requirements of all family members, e.g., more protein and minerals are required for growing children
• Occupation. More calories are required for a heavy worker whereas more proteins are required for people doing mental work(a) Sedentary worker-Teacher, Lawyer, Doctor, Nurse, etc.(b) Moderate worker-Driver, Potter, Carpenter, etc.(c) Heavy worker-Player, Labourer, Iron smith, etc.• Sex. Normally women require less food as compared to men because of their less height, weight, body composition, and physical activity, e.g., a 30 years-old woman doing heavy work requires 3000 calories per day but the requirement of a male of the same age and doing the same work requires 3900 calories per day.• Physical condition. Some specific body conditions affect the nutritional requirements, e.g., during pregnancy and lactation the body requires more nutrients. A diabetic patient requires less of carbohydrates. A person with high blood pressure requires less salt.
3. Season:In summers, bottle gourd, ridge gourd, pumpkin, tinder, bitter gourd, etc., are in abundance whereas carrots, radish, tomato, peas, cauliflower, etc., in winters. Seasonal foods are also more likeable as well as nutritious.Physical requirements also change with the change in season. Cold drinks like lemon water, soft drinks, ice creams, kali, etc. are liked in summer and hot drinks like tea, coffee and high calorie foods like peanuts or till chick, pannier, hot pakoras, tike, Samoa, etc., are preferred in winter. Therefore, a housewife must choose vegetables, fruits, and other foodstuffs according to the season.
4. Food availability:Availability of food also affects the meal planning. A housewife should make maximum use of locally produced foodstuffs because they are cheap, tasty and compatible with the climate. For example, sea food is easily available and cheap in coastal areas so it is the staple food of the people living there. which at the time of more variety need can be added to the meal.
5. Food these foods and their tastes have developed accordingly, e.g., Idly and Dose is a special food of southern India and Dhaka, Khadi, echo western India.
• Religious beliefs. Religion plays an important role in the acceptance of food, e.g., non-vegetarian foods are prohibited in certain religions, whereas garlic and onions in some other sects. Some special dishes are prepared on religious festivals like Diwali, Dussehra, Holi, Asthma, etc. Sweets are also made on auspicious occasions.• Food habits. Food habits affect meal planning to a great extent, e.g., some people take heavy breakfast while others prefer heavy dinner, some people like rice while others chapattis.
6. Lifestyle:Every family has a different life's Therefore, number of meals taken in a also varies in some families 2-3 meals taken in a day whereas in some it is upto times. Meal-time also varies in every far because the time and number of meals affected by the person's activity, income a physical state. For example, number of me taken is more in high income group compared to low income group.
7. Availability of time, energy and labor saving devices:
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It is the process of planning the meals in advance as per various metrics.
- It Is the process of planning meals ahead of time based on a person's preferences and schedules.
- This practice is helpful in making healthier meal choices and avoiding junk which could have adverse health effects.
- The other factors affecting are -
- Economic factors to consider.
- Food service is available.
- Workplace and Equipment
- Food that has been left over.
- Habits of Eating
- Supply of raw materials
- Meal Pattern and Frequency
- Overall dietary habits of a person
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