Question

What do you mean by nij and ryoti?

A. The two main trading centers of indigo
B. The two main sets of zamindars
C. The two important systems of indigo cultivation
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Answer 1

Answer:

C. The two important systems of indigo cultivation

Explanation:

1. Nij Cultivation - It is very important cultivation of indigo. In this system, the indigo’s planters either control their own land or are acquired by zamindars. It is a very expensive process; such as buying equipment like bullocks and ploughs and hiring a large number of laborers. Two ploughs are required for one Bigha (one unit of measurement of land). Laborers are also busy in rice cultivation at the same time. Less than 25% of indigo cultivation is allowed under Nij cultivation.
2. Ryoti Cultivation - Satta (a contract or an agreement) is signed between ryots (peasants) and planters in this cultivation. Planters give loans to the ryots and give at least 25% of their land for indigo cultivation. Mostly, the headman of the village signs the contract based on ryots. The price paid is really low to the ryots as a result they are unable to complete their loans. The land becomes unusable for the cultivation of other crops due to exhaustive use of the land’s soil for indigo cultivation.

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