Question

সমাজতত্ত্ব বুলিলে কি বুজা? ইয়াৰ উৎপত্তি আৰু ক্ৰমবিকাশ সম্পর্কে আলােচনা কৰা।
What do you mean by
Sociology? Discuss its origin and development.​

Answer 1

Question:

What do you mean by Sociology? Discuss its origin and development.

Answer:

Sociology is the scientific study of society, including patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture. The term sociology was first used by Frenchman Auguste Compte in the 1830s when he proposed a synthetic science uniting all knowledge about human activity.

The Origins of Sociology

Sociologists believe that our social surroundings influence thought and action. For example, the rise of the social sciences developed in response to social changes. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Europeans were exploring the world and voyagers returned from Asia, the Americas, Africa, and the South Seas with amazing stories of other societies and civilizations. Widely different social practices challenged the view that European life reflected the natural order of God.

In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Western Europe was rocked by technical, economic, and social changes that forever changed the social order. Science and technology were developing rapidly. James Watt invented the steam engine in 1769, and in 1865 Joseph Lister discovered that an antiseptic barrier could be placed between a wound and germs in the atmosphere to inhibit infection. These and other scientific developments spurred social changes and offered hope that scientific methods might help explain the social as well as the natural world. This trend was part of a more general growth in rationalism.

The industrial revolution began in Britain in the late eighteenth century. By the late nineteenth century, the old order was collapsing “under the twin blows of industrialism and revolutionary democracy” (Nisbet, 1966: 21). Mechanical industry was growing, and thousants of people were migrating to cities to work in the new factories. People once rooted in the land and social communities where they farmed found themselves crowded into cities. The traditional authority of the church, the village, and the family were being undermined by impersonal factory and city life.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Sociology is that branch of social science that deals with the study of human society, social interactions and processes and how it influences the decision of the people in their daily lives.

• Sociology studies groups, communities, populations, gender, race and stratification of people into different groups.
• Sociology as a subject of study is of recent origin. August Compte, a French philosopher coined the term 'Sociology' and defined its scope in 1839. He is referred to as the 'Father of Sociology'.
• The earliest attempt at understanding society and social life were made in the West by Greek and Roman philosophers.
• However, it was only after the Enlightenment period in Europe which spanned from  14th- 18th century and Industrial Revolution when social life grew more complex,  the systematic study of Sociology began.
• Hence, studying Sociology is important to understand various facets of society and individuals so that we are sensitive in our approach while dealing with challenges like social evils or social discrimination.