Question

What do you understand by hybridization? Discuss the need and rules of Hybridisation. What improvement was got by MOT theory other than hybridization?

Answer 1

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Scientist Pauling introduced the revolutionary concept of hybridization in the year 1931. He described it as the redistribution of the energy of orbitals of individual atoms to give new orbitals of equivalent energy and named the process as hybridisation. In this process, the new orbitals come into existence and named as the hybrid orbitals.

Rules for Observing the Type of Hybridisation::

The following rules are observed to understand the type of hybridisation in a compound or an ion.

• Calculate the total number of valence electrons.
• Calculate the number of duplex or octet OR
• Number of lone pairs of electrons
• Number of used orbital = Number of duplex or octet + Number of lone pairs of electrons
• If there is no lone pair of electrons then the geometry of orbitals and molecule is different.

Answer 2

• Hybridization is the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new orbitals with different energies and shapes than the original orbitals.
• Orbitals of only a central atom would undergo hybridisation. The orbitals of almost the same energy level combine to form hybrid orbitals. The numbers of atomic orbitals mixed together are always equal to the number of hybrid orbitals.
• In vbt atomic bonds which develop are monocentric and mot develops molecular bond of polycentric. 2. Vbt can take form to produce the presence of ionic character whereas Mot is not capable of producing or predecting such effect