What do you understand by population growth? Explain the reasons for overpopulation in India. What steps can be taken to control population growth?
Answers
Answer:
affected by unhappiness or grief; sorrowful or mournful: to feel sad because a close friend has moved away. expressive of or characterized by sorrow: sad looks; a sad song. causing sorrow: a sad disappointment; sad news. (of color) somber, dark, or dull; drab
Answer:
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Explanation:
In the past fifty years or so, the growth of the population has boomed ... overpopulation, we should first try to understand the underlying causes of it.
Increasing the welfare and status of women and girls, spread of education, increasing awareness for the use of contraceptives and family planning methods, sex education, encouraging male sterilisation and spacing births, free distribution of contraceptives and condoms among the poor, encouraging female empowerment.
We know that the birth rate is mainly responsible for rapid population growth. Hence measures which can reduce the birth rate should be adopted. These measures can be classified into 3 categories.
Social Measures
Minimum age of marriage: The problem of child marriage is highly prominent in certain countries with high population like India, Pakistan or Bangladesh. A marriage at a tender age leads to a long span for giving birth. Also young age marriage devoid people of the education and awareness required to be sensitive towards and understand the consequences of raising too many children.
Raising the status of women: There is still discrimination to the women. They are confined to four walls of the house. They are still confined to rearing and bearing children. So women should be given opportunities to develop socially and economically. Free education should be given to them.
Spread of Education: The spread of education changes the outlook of people. The educated men prefer to delay marriage and adopt small family norms. Educated women are health conscious and avoid frequent pregnancies and thus help in lowering birth rate.
Adoption: Some parents do not have any child, despite costly medical treatment. It is advisable that they should adopt orphan children. It will be beneficial to orphan children and children couples. Government should also provide incentives for adopting.
Social Security: More and more people should be covered under-social security schemes. So that they do not depend upon others in the event of old age, sickness, unemployment etc. with these facilities they will have no desire for more children.
Economic Measures
More employment opportunities: The first and foremost measure is to raise employment avenues in rural as well as urban areas. Generally in rural areas there is disguised unemployment. So efforts should be made to migrate unemployed persons from the rural side to the urban side. When their income is increased they would improve their standard of living and adopt small family norms. Another method to check the population is to provide employment to women. Women should be given incentive to give services in different fields. Women are taking an active part in competitive examinations. As a result their number in teaching, medical and banking etc. is increasing rapidly.
Providing incentives: Incentives have proved to be an efficient policy measure in combating most development issues including population. Providing a health, educational or even financial incentive can be a highly effective population measure. There are certain incentive policies like paying certain money to people with not more than two kids or free or discounted education for single children etc. which are in place in most developing countries facing population related challenges and has also proved to be a useful measure.