What does it mean when scientists say that living organisms share a universal genetic code?
How does a universal genetic code relate to the hypotheses about the origin of life on Earth?
How are self-replicating molecules, such as RNA molecules in the “RNA World” hypothesis, essential to the most popular hypotheses about the origin of life on Earth?
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How might similarities and differences in genetic codes, or the proteins built as a result of these codes, be used to determine how closely related different species are?
Based on the amino acid sequence data for the Cytochome-C protein, chimpanzees and humans share an identical coding sequence. What other species identified on the chart has a coding sequence that is most closely related to the humans and chimpanzees and most distantly related? Explain your answer.
Answers
1. When scientists state that all the living species share a universal code, they suggest that we all share identical DNA up to some extent.
2. It relates as basically, we all came from the similar place. The universal genetic code is shared by everything that thrives on this planet. A species can be altogether distinct from another in each and every characteristic, physically, while still coming from the similar place. Generally, there is a need to come from the similar place to exhibit identical genetic codes.
3. The self-replicating molecules, like molecules of RNA, are important to this hypothesis as RNA possess the tendency to self-catalyze. This signifies that they can replicate in the absence of assistance from other organisms or molecules. This may be the cause behind all the living species possessing an identical genetic code, encouraging the notion that we share the same origin.
4. The sequences of DNA are faultily copied with the time that modifies the outer/inner look and behaviors of distinct species. When we share a very identical sequence of DNA with another species, it suggests that we have recently shared a common ancestor. Also, genetic similarities assist researchers to comprehend the influences of human genes by researching other species.
5. Peking Duck is other than Rhesus Monkey that is similar as it has no distinctions in the genetic code. The Peking duck is the closest as it only possesses a difference of two. The Neurospora would be the most distantly associated as it is possessing about 19 differences.