what does the ancient greek views says about the nature of political science
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Ancient political philosophy is understood here to mean ancient Greek and Roman thought from the classical period of Greek thought in the fifth century BCE to the end of the Roman empire in the West in the fifth century CE, excluding the development of Jewish and Christian ideas about politics during that period. Political philosophy as a genre was invented in this period by Plato and, in effect, reinvented by Aristotle: it encompasses reflections on the origin of political institutions, the concepts used to interpret and organize political life such as justice and equality, the relation between the aims of ethics and the nature of politics, and the relative merits of different constitutional arrangements or regimes. Platonic models remained especially important for later authors throughout this period, even as the development of later “Hellenistic” schools of Greek philosophy, and distinctively Roman forms of philosophical adaptation, offered new frameworks for construing politics from a philosophical point of view. Engagement in these Greek and Roman traditions of political philosophy among late antique scholars continued through and beyond the eventual abdication of the last pretenders to the Roman imperial throne in the Western part of the empire in 476 CE, and further still among medieval scholars and their successors writing in Greek, Latin, Hebrew, and (later on) Arabic.
1. The Scope of Ancient Political Philosophy
2. Politics and Philosophy in Ancient Greece
2.1 Politics and Justice
2.2 Politics, Justice, and Equality
2.3 Politics and Philosophy
3. Socrates and Plato
3.1 Socratic Ethics and Politics
3.2 Socrates’ Trial: The Political Philosophy of Citizenship
3.3 The Defense of Justice in the Republic
3.4 The Definition of Political Knowledge in the Statesman
3.5 The “Second-Best” Regime of the Laws
4. Aristotle
4.1 Aristotle’s Philosophical Method and Ethics
4.2 Ethics and Politics by Way of Law
4.3 Claims to Rule
4.4 Aristotle in Political Philosophy
5. Hellenistic Philosophies and Politics
5.1 Persisting and New Schools
5.2 Epicureanism
5.3 Stoicism
5.4 Hellenistic Philosophies and Roman Republican Politics
6. The Roman Republic and Cicero
6.1 Cicero: Life
6.2 De re publica
6.3 De legibus
6.4 De officiis
7. Political Philosophy in the Roman Empire
7.1 Later Stoicism
7.2 Platonisms and Other Philosophies in the Empire
8. Conclusion
Bibliography
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