what does the map and photograph shows
Answers
Answer:
map shows the world in a flat suface and photographs show pictures of our memories
please mark me as brainlist if you do that I will follow you
Explanation:
Introduction
Communities which cope with climatic hazards by im plicitly assuming a continuance of the status quo learn harsh lessons. Despite this, quite limited adaptation to known risks is often apparent in contemporary society. In the past, the catastrophe of harvest failure led to sometimes quite sophisticated coping responses and the shunning of areas of known high risk based on the collective folk memory of the communities concerned. In the present, however, the most typical response has been to develop a climatic fingerprint, usually of three decades or so of climate observations, as the basis for forward planning. Engineers, farmers, and planners extrapolate from this for guidance on the probable range of extreme events which will be experienced during the lifetime of a structure, or over a range of harvests. These are now demonstrably flawed approaches as the nonstationarity of climate time series has become apparent. An inherent characteristic of climate is change, and a period of rapid change is now underway which has the potential to threaten the fabric of society in many parts of the world during the present century. Indeed there are major initiatives emerging at both the highest political levels, as evidenced by international treaties such as Kyoto, as well as bottom up initiatives such as the 'transition towns' which are indicative of growing public sensitivity to the magnitude of the problem faced. A fundamental reassessment of human–environment relations is an integral part of coping with what is viewed as the most severe problem facing the world in the present century.
Evidence from the Past
Instrumental observations provide the optimum means of comparing past and present climates. Invention of key instruments, such as the thermometer (Galileo) and barometer (Torricelli) generally occurred in Renaissance Italy in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, though records from these times cannot be safely relied upon. The quality of the instruments, especially the glass used, varied widely and the multiplicity of scales and exposures posed additional problems of comparability from place to place and over time. It was the Industrial Revolution, with the need to construct public water schemes to alleviate the unhygienic conditions of the coalfield cities of Western Europe, which provided the main impetus for the development of a more elaborate meteorological network. The demands of the railways for a standard time system in the early years of the nineteenth-century also required a more rigorous temporal regime within which comparable observations could be made. Gradually, the observational network was extended overseas by the European maritime colonial powers, albeit with a coastal bias which limited understanding of tropical climates for many decades. Outside of Europe and parts of North America, the length of the observational record is frequently quite short and provides only a limited insight into the climatic conditions before the middle of the twentieth century. Alternative ways of deducing past conditions have therefore been developed.
Documentary Sources
A long tradition of documenting climate extremes exists in some countries such as Iceland, China, and Ireland (Figure 1). Similarly, dates on which harvests occurred, or on which flowering of particular plants took place, or when other natural events such as bird migration occurred were often meticulously documented. Collective decisions about when in autumn to pick the grapes for wine making in some of the villages in northern France are recorded back to the fourteenth century, while in Japan the date in spring when the Emperor traveled to Kyoto to view the newly flowered cherry blossoms was similarly recorded. Comparison of when such events take place today with local instrumental observations enables calibration of such documentary sources to be achieved, providing rudimentary reconstruction of growing conditions for much of the past millennium for individual locations. Early newspapers, estate records, and ships' logs during the era of sail also provide useful documentary sources. For example, on ships of the British Navy the log was also maintained three times daily while in port, usually by the Master who, unlike the Captain, often stayed with the same ship for the duration of his career. Compilation of such records enables rudimentary weather charts to be constructed and aspects such as storm frequency to be compared with the present day.
In this old Irish manuscript, reference is made to a storm on Lough Conn in Co. Mayo allegedly in 2668 BC. While the veracity of such documentary sources is questionable, they can provide glimpses of past climatic conditions. Source: Royal Irish Academy
plz markme brialinest