what efforts were women demanding in pre-independendent India ?
Answers
The women’s movement in India began as a social reform movement in the nineteenth century. The Western ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity were being imbibed by the educated elite through the study of English. Western liberalism was to extend to the women’s question and translate into awareness on the status of women.
In India, the tradition of women’s struggles and movements against patriarchal institutions of gender injustice, have been weak when compared to the women’s movements in the Western and European societies. In fact, women’s fight against the oppression of patriarchy has been rather slow in emerging.
Most of the women’s writings of the eighteenth century reveal disenchantment with the prevalence of patriarchy and gender injustices rather than any kind of active resistance or revolt against them. Women did try to go against the male-dominated world (for example, by joining the Bhakti Movement).
The nineteenth century women found themselves totally suppressed and subjugated by the male patriarchal ideologies and attitudes of those times, though there was a feminist identity consciousness and awareness of their plight. However, this awareness did not get translated into an open and organized struggle for selfhood and survival.
Though there were feelings of deprivation and anger against the injustices women were facing, these remained mostly latent, and at the most, sometimes mildly open. In today’s world, feminist movements have gained expression due to similar factors.
The women’s movement in India can be seen as forming three “waves”. The first wave can be seen during the national movement, when there was mass mobilization of women for participation in the nationalist movement.
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The women’s movement in India began as a social reform movement in the nineteenth century. The Western ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity were being imbibed by the educated elite through the study of English. Western liberalism was to extend to the women’s question and translate into awareness on the status of women.
In India, the tradition of women’s struggles and movements against patriarchal institutions of gender injustice, have been weak when compared to the women’s movements in the Western and European societies. In fact, women’s fight against the oppression of patriarchy has been rather slow in emerging.
Most of the women’s writings of the eighteenth century reveal disenchantment with the prevalence of patriarchy and gender injustices rather than any kind of active resistance or revolt against them. Women did try to go against the male-dominated world (for example, by joining the Bhakti Movement).
The nineteenth century women found themselves totally suppressed and subjugated by the male patriarchal ideologies and attitudes of those times, though there was a feminist identity consciousness and awareness of their plight. However, this awareness did not get translated into an open and organized struggle for selfhood and survival.
Though there were feelings of deprivation and anger against the injustices women were facing, these remained mostly latent, and at the most, sometimes mildly open. In today’s world, feminist movements have gained expression due to similar factors.
The women’s movement in India can be seen as forming three “waves”. The first wave can be seen during the national movement, when there was mass mobilization of women for participation in the nationalist movement.