what evidence do you get from the text about tricky affluent leaving
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Answer:
The objective of the study was to investigate the impact on the quality of life of people living close to a municipal wastewater treatment plant. A case control study, including 235 inhabitants living within a 500 m radius by a municipal wastewater treatment plant (cases) and 97 inhabitants living in a different area (controls), was conducted. A standardized questionnaire was self-completed by the participants which examined the general health perception and the overall life satisfaction. Also, the concentration of airborne pathogenic microorganisms in aerosol samples collected around the wastewater treatment plant was investigated. Significant risk for symptoms such as headache, unusual tiredness, and concentration difficulties was recorded and an increased possibility for respiratory and skin diseases was reported. A high rate of the cases being irritable and moody was noticed. Significantly higher gastrointestinal symptoms were also reported among the cases in relation to the controls. The prevalence of pathogenic airborne microorganisms originating from the wastewater treatment plant was reported in high numbers in sampling points close to the wastewater treatment plant. More analytical epidemiological investigations are needed to determine the cause as well as the burden of the diseases to inhabitants living surrounding the wastewater treatment plant.
Wastewater treatment plant (WTP), due to its working conditions, is considered as a major source of aerosols and may constitute an important health risk for plant workers as well as the surrounding inhabitants [2–5]. Various bacterial and fungal communities have been isolated from all types of aerobic and anaerobic WTPs [6]. Several studies have shown that bacteria contained in droplets of WTPs were 10–1000 times more than that in a water source, depending on the droplet size [3]. A number of atmospheric factors such as temperature, wind velocity, smog, and specific humidity influence the aerosol spread as well as the ability of microorganisms to survive in the air. At very low humidity and high temperature, microbes face dehydration, whereas high humidity may give cells protection against the solar radiation [3, 4, 7]. It has also been reported that UV radiation, oxygen content, specific ions, various pollutants, and air-associated factors are also responsible for the decrease of the biological activity in a WTP [7, 8].
Bioaerosols may contain different types of microorganisms such as viruses, pathogenic bacteria, and fungi, capable of causing skin, digestive system, respiratory, and nervous system diseases and human allergies [9]. Specifically, bioaerosols emitted by WTPs can impact the air quality. In the past, microbial concentrations in the surrounding air from the aeration tanks of WTPs, at different heights and different distances, have been reported [10–12].
Waste management facilities generate atmospheric emissions and liquid effluent, which may be hazardous to human health. The potential health hazards related to WTP aerosols are documented commonly for occupational exposure. Effects including respiratory and digestive symptoms have been reported in workers exposed to particulate matter and bioaerosols [9]. Similar health problems may occur in people living near such plants who may be exposed to this release. To guide the implementation of waste management policies, decision-makers need information about their potential effects on public health.
Study Population
The study population was comprised of inhabitants living in the surrounding area of the WTP (up to 500 m radius) considered as cases. A case included any resident, living permanently for more than eight hours per day in an area (<500 m) from the WTP. As a control was considered a resident living permanently in an area located more than 5 km from the WTP. The participants, cases and controls, were matched according their demographic, socioeconomic, ethnic, and occupational background. Inclusion criteria in the study were the permanent residency in the region, the age above 18 years, and the agreement to complete the questionnaire. Cases travelled and stayed abroad as well as individuals who were working far from their house for more than 10 hours every day or who resided in the regions for less than a year were excluded from the study
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