What factor decides the kind of nutritional process an organism will use? Class 10th cbse question (life processes-bio) 1 marker question
Answers
Basically, there are two modes of nutrition.
Autotrophic Nutrition:-The mode of nutrition in which organisms manufacture their own food using inorganic components like water and carbon dioxide as well as sunlight as the source of energy is known as autotrophic mode of nutrition. For example- Green plants
Heterotrophic Nutrition:- The mode of nutrition in which the organism cannot make their own food, they are dependent on plants and other animals for nutrition, it is known as heterotrophic mode of nutrition. For example- animals.
There are four types of heterotrophic mode of nutrition:
●Holozoic mode of nutrition: The mode of nutrition in which food is taken in solid/liquid form from outside and is digested inside their body, this mode of nutrition is known as holozoic mode of nutrition. For example: Humans.
●Parasitic mode of nutrition: The mode of nutrition where the organism lives in or on the other organism and derive its food from the body of the host is called parasitic mode of nutrition. For example: Cuscuta.
●Saprophytic mode of nutrition: The mode of nutrition in which the organism takes nutrients in solution from dead and decaying matter is called saprophytic nutrition. For example: Mushrooms.
●Symbiotic mode of nutrition: The mode of nutrition in which organisms live in association with other plants or animals and share their resources. In this kind of relationship, both the partners are benefitted by the relationship. For example: Lichen- an association between algae and fungi.
Answer:
★ Modes of nutrition in organisms
Broadly there are two main modes of nutrition in all organisms. They are
(a) Autotrophic mode of nutrition:- In nature there are organisms which can prepare food on their own by using the inorganic substances obtained from the nature. Such organisms are known as autotrophs.
Autotrophs are divided into two kinds-
Photoautotrophs:- All green plants, green bacteria containing bacteriochlorophyll, Euglena containing chlorophyll will come under this category of nutrition.
Chemoautotrophs:- Those organisms they derive this energy not from Sunlight as in green plants but from the oxidation of inorganic compounds.
(b) Heterotrophic mode of nutrition:- Those organisms which can not prepare their own food but depend upon some other methods to obtain their food comes under this category of nutrition.
On the basis of the methods these organisms they follow to obtain their nutrition, this nutrition is divided into several sub-kinds-
Holozoic nutrition:- In this type of nutrition, the organisms take plants, animals or parts of the organisms as a whole and digest them in their digestive system with the help of digestive enzymes.
Saprophytic nutrition:- In this type of nutrition, the organisms secrete certain digestive enzymes on dead and decaying organic matter. With the help of these digestive enzymes nutrients present in the dead organic matter dissolves.
Parasitic nutrition:- In this type of nutrition, an organism will depend on a host for its food and shelter.