what factors must be kept in mind while planning a landfill?
Answers
Answer:
While selecting a site, a number of points need be considered:
i) Land Requirement: The volume of fill required depends upon density, degree of compaction, depth of fill and life for which the site is to be used. The volume required will change in different cases. At a waste generation rate of 0.33kg/capita/day and final 'in situ' density of 1000kg/m3, about 150,000m3 will be needed per million population for one year's operation.
ii) Land Use Restrictions: The town planning authorities should be consulted before selecting a particular site so that it is compatible with their plans.
iii) Approach: The site should be easily accessible for vehicles throughout the year. It is desirable that narrow bridges, steep grades and roads that are likely to be submerged during some periods are avoided. Such sites receive additional loads from other processing and disposal site (which may not be working) in which case alternate approach roads will be needed. Such sites should not be too close to residential and commercial localities.
iv) Haul Distance: Provided all the other conditions are satisfied, the site should be as near the area to be served as possible. Larger the haul distance to the site, the larger will be the recurring transportation cost.
v) Cover Material: If the required soil cover is available at the site itself, no additional expenditure need be incurred on transporting it to the landfill site. A soil analysis along with the depth to which it is available is also necessary.
vi) Hydro-geological Investigations: The rainwater percolating through the solid waste tends to carry large amount of pollutants to the groundwater if the underlying strata is pervious or fissured. NEERI studies have shown that the leachate coming out is highly polluting (15 to 20 times more concentrated than the domestic waste water).
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