Question

What fraction of Gandhiji’s last exhaled air is present in a unit volume of atmosphere? we assume that during these 70 years it’s evenly distributed in the earth’s atmosphere.

Answer 1

Answer:

In the 150th year of Mahatma Gandhi's birth, Albert Einstein is being proven very right

“Generations to come, it may well be, will scarce believe that such a man as this one ever in flesh and blood walked upon this Earth.”

Einstein said that on Gandhiji's 70th birthday. It has taken as many years and more for Indians to prove him right – in a twisted way, in a travesty of the original spirit of Einstein's forecast.

Mahatma Gandhi's killer Nathuram Godse is being lauded by a section of Indians who see no cowardice in a young, 32-year-old able-bodied man shooting a frail, unarmed  78-year-old at point-blank range. That pusillanimity is reflected in the manner in which other young, able-bodied men shot down other unarmed old men like Narendra Dabholkar, Govind Pansare, M Kalburgi and an unarmed, frail woman at her gate – Gauri Lankesh – in the name of Hindutva. If the bigots who support those acts think of these killers, including Godse, as macho men then the world will have to redefine the meaning of a coward and a blackjack.

However, what now impresses me about Einstein's forecast on Mahatma Gandhi's greatness, is that the GenNext of his very assassins has had to embrace him in his 150th year. Narendra Modi began his stint as prime minister by trashing Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru but could never denigrate or derogate the Mahatma. He had to visit the Rajghat, Gandhiji's samadhi, on various occasions, appropriate Gandhi Jayanti to launch several schemes of his government and, on the Mahatma‘s 150th birthday, even had to pen an article in praise of the great soul. While that was rather like Pontius Pilate writing a paean to  Jesus Christ, I am also both outraged and impressed by RSS sarsanghchalak Mohan Bhagwat, whose organisation has neither a history of nationalism nor icons to uphold, say that Mahatma Gandhi had a soft corner for the RSS. Now an organisation which threatened to eliminate a man for his beliefs and ideology and accomplished that assassination, seeks the blessings and endorsement of that very man to secure legitimacy in the eyes of the new generation? If irony had not died a million deaths before this, it sure would now.

For the RSS  is the very anti-thesis of Mahatma Gandhi. In fact, it would be no exaggeration to say it's very formation and foundation was based in opposition to Mahatma Gandhi. Its founder Keshav Hegdewar was a member of the Indian National Congress and a Seva Dal worker before quitting and forming the RSS. Before the advent of Mahatma Gandhi, the nation’s freedom struggle was largely fuelled by Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak who, however, had his own biases regarding the inequalities in Indian society. There were others like MG Ranade, Gop0oalkrishna Gokhale, Dr BR Ambedkar and Shahu Maharaj of Kolhapur, a descendant of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, who had sought social reforms (like the abolition of castes and access to education to all) ahead of political freedom from the British. Tilak, however, was unwilling to consider the question of social reforms and abolition of castes and this suited the likes of Hegdewar who was a Tilak acolyte just tine. Tilak's death in 1920 coincided with the reformist direction that Mahatma Gandhi gave to both the Indian National Congress and the freedom movement and this put the likes of. Hegdewar out of sorts. Hence the setting up of the RSS in complete opposition to the ideals of Mahatma Gandhi which apart from Satya and ahimsa was also sarva dharma sambhav or unity in diversity. Gandhiji not just pressed for reforms in Hindu society, but also mainstreamed the Muslim population and both these were intensely hated by Hegdewar and his followers.

Indeed, Hegdewar’s successor Guru Golwalkar, according to meticulously researched accounts by Rajmohan Gandhi, the Mahatma's grandson, and Ramchandra Guha, noted historian (both of who have written wonderful biographies of the Mahatma), had held out oblique threats to Mahatma Gandhi for his inclusive policies. Yet even Gokwaliar wanted to earn Gandhiji's approval and after a meeting with the great man in October 1947 when Delhi had been burning up in post-Independence communal riots, had wanted Gandhiji to mention the meeting in his prayer

Answer 2

Fraction present = 1.25 × 10⁻¹³%

Explanation:

Volume of air taken in one breath = 0.5 litres

Assuming that this is constant in the whole 70 years

Taking the approximate radius of earth's atmosphere above its surface as 15 km

Taking the radius of the earth as 6400 m

Volume of atmosphere

$=\frac{4}{3}\pi [(15000+6400)^3-\frac{4}{3}\pi (6400)^3]$

$=\frac{4}{3}\pi\times (21400^3-6400^3)$

$=\frac{4}{3}\pi\times 9.538\times 10^{12}$

$=4\times 10^{12}$ m³

$=4\times 10^{15}$ litre

Fraction of last breath to the unit volume of present atmosphere

$=\frac{0.5}{4\times 10^{15}}\times 100$

$=1.25\times 10^{-13}\%$

Hope this answer is helpful.