What fundamental rights of indian constitution d600 fundamental rights of indian constitution?
Answers
Right to equality (Article 14-18)Right to freedom (Article 19-22)Right against exploitation (Article 23-24)Right to freedom of religion (Articles 25-28)Cultural & educational rights (Articles 29-30)Right to Property (Article 31)Right to constitutional remedies (Article 32).Right to Privacy
But, Right to property was removed from the list of the Fundamental Rights by the 44thConstitution Amendment Act, 1978 and after amendment, it was made legal right under Article 300-A in part-12 of the Constitution.
At present there are only six Fundamental rights, six fundamental rights are described below in brief.
Right to Equality (Articles 14-18):
Article 14 (Equality before law):
Article 14 says that state shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India.Art. 14 is available to any person including legal persons viz. statutory corporation, companies, etc.Art. 14 is taken from the concept of equal protection of laws has been taken from the Constitution of USA.The concept of the rule of law is a negative concept while the concept of equal protection of laws is a positive concept.The concept of equality before the lawis equivalent to the second element of the concept of the ‘rule of law’ propounded by A.D. dicey, the British jurist. But certain exceptions to it are, the president of India, state governors, Public servants, Judges, Foreign diplomats, etc., who enjoy immunities, protections, and special privileges.
Article 15 (Prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth):
Article 15 says that the state shall not discriminate against only of religion, race, sex, place of birth or any of them.Under Article 15 (3) & (4), the government can make special provisions for women & children and for a group of citizens who are economically and socially backward.
Article 16 (Equality of opportunities in matters of public employment):
Article 16 says that there shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the state.
Article 17 (Abolition of Untouchability):Article 17 says that Untouchability is abolished and its practice in any form is forbidden. The enforcement of any disability arising out of untouchability shall be an offense punishable by law.
Article 18 (Abolition of titles):
Article 18 says that no title, not being a military or academic distinction, shall be conferred by the State. No citizen of India shall accept any title from any foreign state.The awards, Bharat Ratna, Padma Vibhuhan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri, called as The National Awards would not amount to title within the meaning of Article 18(i).
Right to Freedom (Articles 19-22):
Article 19 (Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.):
Article 19 says that all citizens shall have the right
to freedom of speech and expression.To assemble peacefully and without arms.To form associations or unions.To move freely throughout the territory of India.To practice any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade or business.
Article 20 (Protection in respect of conviction for offenses):
Article 20 says that state can impose reasonable restrictions on the groups of security of the state, friendly relations with foreign states, public order, decency, morality, contempt of court, defamation, etc.
Article 21 deals with Protection of life and personal liberty.
Article 21A states that that state shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of 6-14 years.
Article 22 deals with protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.
Right Against Exploitation (Articles 23-24):
Article 23 deals with the prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labor.
Article 24 deals with prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.
Answer:
Fundamental Rights:
The Rights and Fundamental Rights are sections of the Constitution of India that provides people with their rights. These Fundamental Rights are considered as basic human rights of all citizens. The Fundamental Rights are guaranteed under Article 12 to 35 contained in Part III of the Constitution. There are six fundamental rights in India. They are Right to Equality, Right to Freedom, Right against Exploitation, Right to Freedom of Religion, Cultural and Educational Rights, and Right to Constitutional Remedies.
Explanations:
1. Right to Equality: Right to Equality ensures equal rights for all the citizens. The Right to Equality prohibits inequality on the basis of caste, religion, place of birth, race, or gender. It also ensures equality of opportunity in matters of public employment and prevents the State from discriminating against anyone in matters of employment on the grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, place of residence or any of them.
2. Right to Freedom: Right to freedom provides us with various rights. These rights are freedom of speech, freedom of expression, freedom of assembly without arms, freedom of movement throughout the territory of our country, freedom of association, freedom to practice any profession, freedom to reside in any part of the country. However, these rights have their own restrictions.
3. Right against Exploitation: Right against Exploitation condemns human trafficking, child labor, forced labor making it an offense punishable by law, and also prohibit any act of compelling a person to work without wages where he was legally entitled not to work or to receive remuneration for it. Unless it is for the public purpose, like community services or NGO work.
4. Right to Freedom of Religion: Right to Freedom of Religion guarantees religious freedom and ensures secular states in India. The Constitutions says that the States should treat all religions equally and impartially and that no state has an official religion. It also guarantees all people the freedom of conscience and the right to preach, practice and propagate any religion of their choice.
5. Cultural and Educational Rights: Cultural and Educational Rights protects the rights of cultural, religious and linguistic minorities by enabling them to conserve their heritage and protecting them against discrimination. Educational rights ensure education for everyone irrespective of their caste, gender, religion, etc.
6. Right to Constitutional Remedies: Right to Constitutional Remedies ensures citizens to go to the supreme court of India to ask for enforcement or protection against violation of their fundamental rights. The Supreme Court has the jurisdiction to enforce the Fundamental Rights even against private bodies, and in case of any violation, award compensation as well to the affected individual.