what happened when pollination and fertilization will not done? plz give me long answer
Answers
in zygote no fused egg properly
PollinationThe transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the part of the plant containing the ovules. This process is necessary for fertilisation and reproduction of the plant. is a very important part of the life cycle of a flowering plant. It is part of the sexual reproduction process of flowering plants, which results in seeds that will grow into new plants. Flowers are the structures of flowering plants that contain all the specialised parts needed for sexual reproduction.
Plants have gametes, which contain half the normal number of chromosomes for that plant species. Male gametes are found inside tiny pollen grains on the anthers of flowers. Female gametes are found in the ovules of a flower. Pollination is the process that brings these male and female gametes together.
Pollen can’t get from the anthers to the ovules on its own, so pollination relies on other things to move the pollen. The wind or animals, especially insects and birds, pick up pollen from the male anthers and carry it to the female stigma. Flowers have different shapes, colours and smells, and often sugary nectar and nutritious pollen, to encourage animals to visit and pollinate them. Wind-pollinated flowers are shaped to make it easy for the wind to pick up or deposit pollen.
Flax flower with pollen
Flax (Phormium tenax) flower with anthers covered by pollen. The male anthers and their pollen appear in a flax flower about a week before the female stigma, to reduce the chance of self-fertilisation.
Many flowers can be pollinated by their own pollen – a process called self-pollination. However, this does not always result in the genetic variation needed for species to survive. Many plants have ways to make sure they are only pollinated by pollen from a flower on a different plant, which is called cross-pollination. Some have the male and female parts in separate flowers on the same plant, while others have male and female flowers on different plants. Many have the stigmas and anthers ripening at different times to prevent self-pollination.
Only after pollination, when pollen has landed on the stigma of a suitable flower of the same species, can a chain of events happen that ends in the making of seeds. A pollen grain on the stigma grows a tiny tube, all the way down the style to the ovary. This pollen tube carries a male gamete to meet a female gamete in an ovule. In a process called fertilisation, the two gametes join and their chromosomes combine, so that the fertilised cell contains a normal complement of chromosomes, with some from each parent flower.
The fertilised ovule goes on to form a seed, which contains a food store and an embryo that will later grow into a new plant. The ovary develops into a fruit to protect the seed. Some flowers, such as avocados, only have one ovule in their ovary, so their fruit only has one seed. Many flowers, such as kiwifruit, have lots of ovules in their ovary, so their fruit contains many seeds.
Find out how the artificial control of pollination plays a part in the breeding of new fruit cultivars.