What happens if extra antioxidants are used in biodiesel?
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The increase of energy demand coped with utilization of fossil resources have engendered serious environmental impact. The progressively stringent worldwide emission legislation and increasing greenhouse gas emission require significant research effort on alternative fuels. Therefore, biodiesels are becoming important increasingly due to its ease in adaptation, environmental benefits and prospect in energy security. Biodiesel derived from vegetable oils, waste cooking oils and animal fats are long chain fatty acid alkyl esters, which contains unsaturated portions that are susceptible to oxidation. Biodiesel oxidation is a complex process having a number of mechanisms involved. Autoxidation radical chain reactions are the primary cause of biodiesel degradation that leads to formation of hydroperoxide, which, after that decompose to form an array of secondary oxidation products like aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, oligomers, gum, sediment etc. Antioxidants are often used to inhibit biodiesel oxidative degradation. The present review attempts to cover the inhibition action of natural and synthetic antioxidants, methods used to analyze biodiesel oxidation and their effect on biodiesel derived from various feedstocks. Phenolic antioxidants are more effective compared to amine antioxidants. Pyrogallol is found to be the most effective antioxidant to improve the oxidation stability in case of almost all biodiesels reviewed.
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However, the addition of an antioxidant to the biodiesel will increase the stability of it so that the biodiesel can be used as a fuel in diesel engines without any problems. In India, biodiesel is produced from karanja oil, which has considerable potential for the biodiesel production and also is a non-edible oil.
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