What happens to all states of matter when heat is added to the particles?
Rank the amount of expansion for a solid, liquid and gas from least amount of expansion to the greatest amount of expansion.
Write a daily example of the expansion in volume of a solid, a liquid or a gas.
Answers
When the movement of particles speeds up, there is an increase in the space between them.
An increase in the space between particles means that the substance expands.
In other words, there is an increase in the volume (space) it occupies.
When the movement of particles slows down, there is a decrease in the space between them.
A decrease in the space between particles means that the substance contracts.
In other words, there is a decrease in the volume (space) it occupies.
This general relationship between particle movement and volume is the same for solids, liquids and gases.
However, the extent to which a substances expands or contracts varies between the different states of matter.
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Explanation:
When heat is added to a substance, the molecules and atoms move faster. As atoms move faster, the space between atoms increases. The motion and spacing of the particles determines the state of matter of the substance.
in terms of expansion water shows a typical behavior. It contracts on heating between 0 degree C and 4 degree C. The volume of given amount of water decreases as it is cooled from room temperature, until its temperature reaches 4 degree C. Below 4 degree C, the volume increases and density decreases. This means that water has a maximum density at 4 degree C. Due to this property water bodies like lakes and ponds freezes at the top first.
At ordinary temperature gases expand more than solid and liquid. The coefficient of gas expansion is dependent on temperature. For an ideal gas, the coefficient of volume expansion at constant pressure can be found from the ideal gas equation: