Question

What happens to the composition of an atom to cause it to become positively or negatively charged?

Answer 1

When electrons are given to any other atom the atom gains positive charge and when an atom gains an electron it gains positive charge.

Answer 2

Cation is a positive charge and an anion is a negative charge

When the atom gains electrons to reach at the electron composition of closest noble gas, it becomes negatively charged ion known as Anion 

When the atom looses electrons to reach at the electron composition of closest noble gas, it becomes positively charged ion known as Cation